The system of law may be classified as:
(a) International law; and
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(b) State laws.
(a) International law:
The sovereign States of the world have set out certain principles for the maintenance of harmonious inter se relations between two independent States. These principles and rules are collectively known as International law.
(b) State law:
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It is the law which a State prescribes to be followed for the smooth running of life within the State.
State law may further be classified as (1) Public law, and (2) Private law.
(1) Public law:
It is that body of law that largely regulates the State activities. It determines and regulates the organisation and functions of the State and determines the relations of the State with its subjects.
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(2) Private law:
It is that body of law that largely regulates the activities and relations of the constituents of a single class.
The Public laws may again be classified as (1) Constitutional law, (2) Administrative law, and (3) Criminal law.
(1) Constitutional law:
It mainly deals with the constitution of the machinery of the State and it also decides powers and duties conferred upon the subjects.
(2) Administrative law:
This law deals with the procedure in which administrative functions are to be performed.
(3) Criminal law:
It is that branch of public law which deals with definition, trial and punishment of crimes.
Criminal law may further be divided in two classes:
(a) Substantive law:
The class of law which defines and punishes offences. For example Indian Penal Code is a substantive law.
(b) Procedural too:
The class of law which prescribes procedure for prevention, investigation and trial. For example Criminal Procedure Code is a Procedural law.