Rio de Janeiro Summit on June 14, 1992 (also known as earth summit) adopted how the famous Rio declaration and its plan of action popular by known as Agenda 21 and the declaration on principle of forest.
Burning of fossil fuels (e.g. Cval), driving force of Industrialisation has been the major source of the emissions of Carbon dioxide which other gases like chloroflorocarbon trap the such rays in the atmosphere and heat up the earth like greenhouse. It results with global warming.
If these emissions are not stopped, there is and fear that there will be service incidents of drought and blood; If the sea level will rise and submerge a good part of low-lying counties like Maldives, Bangladesh etc. In order to meet the danger, a UN framework convention on climate change was signed by 154 countries at the Rio Summit in 1992.
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After the protracted Negotiations, Industrialised countries agreed to reduce their emission in the period 2008-12 periods by 5.2 per cent compared to 1990 levels. This is the famous protocol which has been signed by a majority of the countries but not by USA and Australia (prominently).
Tropical deforestation is fast increasing owing to large scale falling of frees for high eighty per cent of the world’s Biological resources exist in the forest of the south. The north wanted unrestricted access to these forests for raw material for their drug production which is approximately U.S $43 billion a year.
This led to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) which President George Bush refused to sign at the 1992 Rio Summit. It insists on fair and equitable return for the use of their resources mostly by the pharmaceutical companies of the month.
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It has been satisfied by more than 175 countries today. Diversification affects 41 per cent of the total “land area on the earth and affects livelihood of more than 1 billion people in more than 110 countries. Thus UN convention to combat Desertification was adopted by Rio Summit in 1992. However, it faced resistance from the northern countries.
Whether it is the hole is the ozone layer which was found to cause cancer to the white skin, or the problem of persistent organic pollutants travelling to the Arctic. The governing Montreal protocol and the negotiations on POPS respectively have been administered both in time and with bull force.
However, treaties on biological diversity and desertification which deal mostly with problems in developing countries have been stalled. This is symptomatic of ecological global station which the courts of the World are promoting through drive on the part of rich and passive indifference on the part of countries from south.