566 Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) with Answers on “Thinking and Problem Solving” for Psychology Students – Part 4:
301. Specific motor skills and physical growth are determined by:
(a) Learning
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(b) Maturation
(c) Both learning and maturation
(d) Emotion
302. As children grow older, the frequency of socialized speech:
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(a) Increases
(b) Decreases
(c) Depends upon availability of friends
(d) Shows initial increase
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303. Language development of the child is rapid in:
(a) Bilingual homes
(b) Overstimulating homes
(c) Working class families
(d) Middle class families
304. Prenatal Development is unaffected by:
(a) Rh incompatibility
(b) Mother’s Age
(c) Time of Fertilization
(d) Socioeconomic Status of mother
305. Lack of confidence and emotional insecurity are caused due to:
(a) Overprotection
(b) Rejection
(c) Illtreatment
(d) Overaffection
306. The emotions of children during the stage of infancy are:
(a) Egoistic
(b) Mainly altruistic but of short duration
(c) Untrained
(d) Mainly egoistic and untrained
307. Day dreaming is a form of:
(a) Mental Play
(b) Physical Play
(c) Social Play
(d) Absurd Play
308. A child’s popularity among his peers is least likely to be affected by his:
(a) Intelligence
(b) Birth order
(c) Physical condition
(d) Sociability
309. Difficulties in motor speech results from damage to:
(a) Broca’s Area
(b) Wernicke’s Area
(c) Hypothalamus
(d) Pons
310. In general, the situations that give rise to anger involve:
(a) Parents
(b) Restraints
(c) Fear
(d) Social limitations
311. Play is a natural medium of:
(a) Self-identification
(b) Self-realization
(c) Self-expression
(d) Self-actualization
312. Who viewed child’s mind as “tabula rasa” or “blank slate”?
(a) John Locke
(b) Charles Darwin
(c) J. B. Watson
(d) Sigmund Freud
313. Which play is regarded as the game of illusion?
(a) Make-believe
(b) Free and Spontaneous
(c) Daydreaming
(d) Complex
314. Whether or not a new born infant is premature is determined by:
(a) Length of gestation period
(b) Birth size
(c) Both the length of gestation period and birth size
(d) The time of fertilization
315. Development proceeds from head to the trunk regions of the body. This sequence is called:
(a) Proximadistal sequence
(b) Cephalocaudal sequence
(c) Longitudinal sequence
(d) Cross-sectional sequence
316. A child’s recognition of the difference between “Right” and “Wrong” usually is referred to as:
(a) Morality
(b) Personality
(c) Character development
(d) Ego formation
317. When a female ovum containing “X” chromosomes unites in conception with a sperm containing a “Y” chromosome:
(a) A male child is produced
(b) A female child is produced
(c) An identical twin is produced
(d) A fraternal twin is produced
318. During language development, children normally:
(a) Understand more than they speak
(b) Understand less than they speak
(c) Express as much as they understand
(d) Remain silent
319. The development of a mental process which enables the child to acquire knowledge of himself and the world around him is known as:
(a) Hereditary transmission
(b) Cognitive development
(c) Imprinting
(d) Conservation
320. Conceptualization that the amount or quantity remains same regardless of any change in shape or position is known as:
(a) Conservation
(b) Imprinting
(c) Adaptation
(d) Sublimation
321. Spreading of effects of stimulation is known as:
(a) Accommodation
(b) Irradiation
(c) Development
(d) Conservation
322. Method of producing sex orgasm by manipulation or other artificial stimulation of the genital organs is known as:
(a) Adaptation
(b) Masturbation
(c) Puberty
(d) Meiosis
323. The monthly discharge of menstrual fluid which accompanies the discharge from the ovaries into the womb of an ovum in case of human female is known as:
(a) Mating
(b) Meiosis
(c) Menstruation
(d) Masturbation
324. The process by which the child is adapted to his social environment and becomes a recognized, co-operating and efficient member of it, is known as:
(a) Socialization
(b) Sex Typing
(c) Maturation
(d) Meiosis
325. Sex appropriateness of children’s behaviour is known as:
(a) Sex Typing
(b) Socialization
(c) Imprinting
(d) Menstruation
326. Prosocial behaviour such as helping, cooperating and sharing is known as:
(a) Accomodation
(b) Assimilation
(c) Altruism
(d) Adaptation
327. The second stage in Freud’s “Psychosexual Genesis” during which the child is concerned with anal-related activities is known as:
(a) Phallic Stage
(b) Latent Stage
(c) Genital Stage
(d) Anal Stage
328. The process by which an individual perceives and modifies an experience in accordance with the individual’s existing schemata is known as:
(a) Accommodation
(b) Assimilation
(c) Adaptation
(d) Imitation
329. The lack of sufficient oxygen to the brain causing neurological damage or death is called:
(a) Anoxia
(b) Suicide
(c) Frustration
(d) Amnesia
330. The attribution of life to inanimate objects is known as:
(a) Attribution
(b) Animism
(c) Catharsis
(d) Socialization
331. The scoring scale used to assess the condition of the infant at birth is called:
(a) Cardiograph
(b) Apgar
(c) Barometer
(d) Psychogalvanometer
332. Sometimes pregnant mothers take alcohol and it affects the breathing movements temporarily in the fetus. This period of fetus is known as:
(a) Anal Period
(b) Apneic Period
(c) Oral Period
(d) Phallic Period
333. The body system of children which is closely related to emotional arousal and responsiveness is known as:
(a) Central Nervous System
(b) Autonomic Nervous System
(c) Psychosexual Development
(d) Cognitive Development
334. A style of discipline in which hostile, restrictive, power-assertive practices predominate is known as:
(a) Authoritarian Control
(b) Automatic Control
(c) Autonomic Control
(d) Administrative Control
335. A style of discipline in which parents permit children considerable freedom within reasonable limits is known as:
(a) Automatic Control
(b) Autonomic Control
(c) Authoritarian Control
(d) Socialized Control
(e) Authoritative Control
336. The 22 pairs of chromosomes possessed equally by males and females that determine the development of most body structure and attributes are known as:
(a) Autosomes
(b) Chromosomes
(c) Zygotes
(d) Twins
337. The theory which depicts that REM activity during sleep in may stimulate the development of the Central Nervous System is known as:
(a) Brain Stimulation Theory
(b) Autostimulation Theory
(c) Central Theory
(d) Peripheral Theory
338. The attachment to the mother where in the infant shows little upset about the mother’s absence and avoids interaction with her upon reunion is known as:
(a) Imprinting
(b) Electra complex
(c) Avoidant Attachment
(d) Avoidance Conditioning
339. The process by which aggression is thought to be redirected through the display of aggressive tendencies and hostilities is known as:
(a) Canalization
(b) Centration
(c) Bulimia
(d) Catharsis
340. The conflicted interaction between parents and the child in which the behaviour of the parents becomes gradually more coercive in order to control the increasing aversive behaviour of the child is popularly known as:
(a) Motivational cycle
(b) Coercive cycle
(c) Autonomic cycle
(d) Menstrual cycle
341. The term which is used to describe individuals who are born in the same year or in the same general time period and who, therefore, share the same historical experiences is known as:
(a) Cognitive Style
(b) Cohort
(c) Competency
(d) Canalization
342. The viewpoint which stresses the influence of cultural sitting, on the laws of development is known as:
(a) Socialization
(b) Cultural Relativism
(c) Sex Typing
(d) Affiliation
343. The material that constitutes the cell other than the nucleus known as:
(a) Neuron
(b) Cyctoplasm
(c) Brain
(d) Spinal Cord
344. The substance that contains the genetic code which directs functioning of RNA is called:
(a) Gene
(b) Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
(c) Chromosome
(d) Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
345. The process that occurs during meiosis in which genetic material is exchanged between pairs of chromosomes is known as:
(a) Sex typing
(b) Crossing over
(c) Meiosis
(d) Menstruation
346. The legal designation for a juvenile who is found guilty of violating the law is known as:
(a) Criminal
(b) Delinquent
(c) Muderer
(d) Guilty
347. The presumed cause of a disorder is known as:
(a) Symptoms
(b) Therapy
(c) Etiology
(d) Syndromes
348. A child’s constant repetition of a phrase that has been said to him or her is known as:
(a) Egocentrism
(b) Stuttering
(c) Echolalia
(d) Stammering
349. The inability of a person to perceive situations from the perspectives of others is known as:
(a) Echoing
(b) Egocentrism
(c) Echolalia
(d) Exosystem
350. The treatment approach based on the notion that problems of the individual family members can best be dealt with by working with the entire family is called:
(a) Behaviour Therapy
(b) Family Therapy
(c) Social Therapy
(d) Play Therapy
351. The last phase of “Psychosexual Genesis” in which haterosexual desires emerge is called:
(a) Phallic Stage
(b) Genital Stage
(c) Latent Stage
(d) Oral Stage
352. Language used in a nonliteral way such as smiles and metaphors is known as:
(a) Descriptive Language
(b) Figurative Language
(c) Formal Language
(d) Communicative Language
353. Non-verbal signals which are generally used in communication with or without words are known as:
(a) Gestures
(b) Symbols
(c) Language
(d) Concepts
354. The decrease in responsiveness over trials as a result of repeated presentation of a stimulus is called:
(a) Habituation
(b) Discrimination
(c) Generalization
(d) Rationalization
355. The Freudian defense mechanism that serves as the basis for acquisition of behavior and values of a model is known as:
(a) Introjection
(b) Identification
(c) Daydreaming
(d) Sublimation
356. A characteristic of pre-operational reasoning in which an individual fails to see that every logical operation is reversible is popularly known as:
(a) Autistic Thinking
(b) Irreversibility
(c) Imagination
(d) Conversion
357. The process involved in the acquisition of behaviours exhibited by a model is called:
(a) Identification
(b) Reaction Formation
(c) Imitation or Modelling
(d) Imprinting
358. Variations in words that produce different grammatical relations are known as:
(a) Inflections
(b) Infantile Autism
(c) Stammering
(d) Stuttering
359. The process by which the basis of moral behaviour shifts from external factors to personal feelings and ethical beliefs is called:
(a) Internalization
(b) Intuition
(c) Identification
(d) Irreversibility
360. A figure of speech in which the intended meaning is the opposite of that expressed by the words used is known as:
(a) Symbol
(b) Irony
(c) Gesture
(d) Invariant
361. Attributes of objects or relationships among objects that do not change under different conditions are known as:
(a) Irony
(b) Invariants
(c) Irreversibility
(d) Internalization
362. The presence of some of the sexual characteristics or reproduction systems of both male and female in the same individual is called:
(a) Homosexuality
(b) Libido
(c) Hermaphroditism
(d) Audipus Complex
363. A form of aggression used most frequently by young children involving quarrels and. fights over possessions is known as:
(a) Instrumental Aggression
(b) Rage
(c) Tempertantrum
(d) Destruction
364. The position of a gene on a chromosome is called:
(a) Ovary
(b) Locus
(c) Testes
(d) Gonads
365. The educational practice whereby special children are integrated into the regular classroom is called:
(a) Psychotherapy
(b) Nondirective Therapy
(c) Mainstreaming
(d) Mass Education
366. The process by which reproductive or germ cells divide is called:
(a) Maturation
(b) Meiosis
(c) Puberty
(d) Adolescence
367. The onset of menstruation which usually occurs two or three years after the beginning of the sexual maturation process is known as:
(a) Menarche
(b) Puberty
(c) Mainstreaming
(d) Meiosis
368. Knowledge about one’s own cognitive process is known as:
(a) Metacognition
(b) Strategy
(c) Symbol
(d) Mesosystem
369. Which system represents the actual setting where the child lives and interacts with other people?
(a) Nervous System
(b) Microsystem
(c) Mitosis
(d) Mesosystem
370. A gene that influences the action of phenotypical expression of other genes is called:
(a) Modifier gene
(b) Affected gene
(c) Extraneous gene
(d) Substitute gene
371. The child’s complete acceptance of rules imposed by others is called:
(a) Social Stigma
(b) Social Standard
(c) Social Norm
(d) Moral Absolutism
372. The gradual process by which the child internalizes society’s standards of right and wrong is known as:
(a) Moral Development
(b) Moral Absolutism
(c) Moral Defense
(d) Moral Cognition
373. A gene that controls the rate of mutation in other genes is called:
(a) Mutator gene
(b) Modifier gene
(c) Recessive gene
(d) Productive gene
374. The simplified dialect used by mothers and others when addressing a young child is called:
(a) Autism
(b) Myclination
(c) Echolalia
(d) Motherese
375. A special cell that carries the genetic material of the mother is called:
(a) Ovum
(b) Gonad
(c) Progestorone
(d) Androgenes
376. The number of offsprings a mother has previously borne is called:
(a) Twins
(b) Parity
(c) Infants
(d) Neonates
377. The perspective in child Psychology emphasizing the importance in the child’s development of both biological predisposition and the environment is called:
(a) Organismic Perspective
(b) Social Perspective
(c) Physiological Perspective
(d) Biological Perspective
378. The mental representation of an external event is called:
(a) Schema
(b) Image
(c) Concept
(d) Symbol
379. A liquid in our body allows the lungs to transmit oxygen from the air to the blood. This liquid is needed for adequate respiration in the newborn. What is the name of this liquid?
(a) Surfactin
(b) Prolactin
(c) Adrenalin
(d) Progestorone
380. The ability to remain alert to a task over an extended period of time is known as:
(a) Span of attention
(b) Sustained attention
(c) Shifting of attention
(d) Immediate memory span
381. The underlying rules that specify the order and function of words in a sentence is called:
(a) Syntax
(b) Concept
(c) Image
(d) Symbol
382. Which apparatus is generally used to study depth perception in infants?
(a) Visual Cliff
(b) Tachistoscope
(c) Chronoscope
(d) Psychogalvanometer
383. Language plays a crucial role in the development and control of:
(a) Performance
(b) Motor Development
(c) Psychological Behaviour
(d) Social Behaviour
384. Lisping is the most common defect in:
(a) The preschool children
(b) The adults
(c) Old men and women
(d) Adolescence
385. When the child is not able to pronounce any word clearly, it is called:
(a) Stuttering
(b) Stammering
(c) Slurring
(d) Lisping
386. The ability to detect separation in known as:
(a) Visual Acquity
(b) Phiphenomenon
(c) Illusion
(d) Hallucination
387. The fertilized ovum formed by a sperm cell’s penetrating and uniting with the ovum at conception is known as:
(a) Placenta
(b) Zygote
(c) Twin
(d) Egg
388. Which branch of psychology depicts how and why the human organism grows and changes from its initial form in uterus to an adult being?
(a) Social
(b) Developmental
(c) Educational
(d) Criminal
389. The child’s speech is the best single indicator of his:
(a) Performance
(b) I.Q.
(c) Learning
(d) Memory
390. Who has given the following statement?
“Give me a dozen healthy infants, well- formed and my own specified world to bring them up in and I will guarantee to take anyone at random and train him to become any type of specialist I might select – doctor, lawyer, merchant chief and yes, even beggar man and thief, regardless of his talents, penchants, abilities, vocations and the race of his ancestors.”
(a) J.B. Watson
(b) E. B. Titchener
(c) Wilhelm Wundt
(d) John Locke
391. A child Psychologist began his investigations of children’s intellectual development in Switzerland. His theoretical movements eventually formed the backbone of modern Child Psychology. Who is he?
(a) J. B. Watson
(b) Jean Piaget
(c) Wilhelm Wundt
(d) John Locke
392. In which study, an investigator measures two variables for a group of people and determines whether people who score high on one measure also score high on the other?
(a) Baby Biography
(b) Correlational Study
(c) Introspection
(d) Observation
393. When a sperm from the male penetrates the cell wall of an ovum or egg:
(a) Conception occurs
(b) Mitosis occurs
(c) Maturation occurs
(d) Fertilization occurs
394. The tendency to dominate others is called:
(a) Social Behaviour
(b) Ascendant Behaviour
(c) Arrogant Behaviour
(d) Sympathetic Behaviour
395. At the moment of conception, the largest cell in the human body is about:
(a) 1/180 inch in diameter
(b) 1/175 inch in diameter
(c) 1/190 inch in diameter
(d) 1/185 inch in diameter
396. The umblical cord is the lifeline of the:
(a) Embryo
(b) Placenta
(c) Chromosome
(d) Gene
397. The fetus reaches the “Zone of Viability” after the:
(a) 5th month of conception
(b) 6th month of conception
(c) 7th month of conception
(d) 3rd month of conception
398. Which term refers to a universal sequence of biological events in the Central Nervous system that permits a psychological function to appear?
(a) Maturation
(b) Puberty
(c) Menstruation
(d) Conception
399. In case of children, imitation of others increases in frequency between:
(a) Six and Eight years of age
(b) One and three years of age
(c) Four and Nine years of age
(d) Ten and Twelve years of age
400. Learning theorists have attempted to explain language acquisition in terms of:
(a) Stimulus-Response Relationship
(b) Reward, Punishment and imitation of verbal responses
(c) Imprinting
(d) Behaviour
Answers
301. (c) 302. (a) 303. (b) 304. (d) 305. (b) 306. (d) 307. (a) 308. (b) 309. (a) 310. (b) 311. (a) 312. (a) 313. (a) 314. (c) 315. (b) 316. (a) 317. (a) 318. (a) 319. (b) 320. (a) 321. (b) 322. (b) 323. (c) 324. (a) 325. (a) 326. (c) 327. (d) 328. (b) 329. (a) 330. (b) 331. (b) 332. (b) 333. (b) 334. (a) 335. (e) 336. (a) 337. (b) 338. (c) 339. (d) 340. (b) 341. (b) 342. (b) 343. (b) 344. (d) 345. (b) 346. (b) 347. (c) 348. (c) 349. (b) 350. (b) 351. (b) 352. (b) 353. (a) 354. (a) 355. (b) 356. (b) 357. (c) 358. (a) 359. (a) 360. (b) 361. (b) 362. (c) 363. (a) 364. (b) 365. (c) 366. (b) 367. (a) 368. (a) 369. (b) 370. (a) 371. (d) 372. (a) 373. (a) 374. (b) 375. (a) 376. (b) 377. (a) 378. (a) 379. (a) 380. (b) 381. (a) 382. (a) 383. (d) 384. (a) 385. (c) 386. (a) 387. (b) 388. (b) 389. (b) 390. (a) 391. (b) 392. (b) 393. (a) 394. (b) 395. (b) 396. (a) 397. (c) 398. (a) 399. (b) 400. (b)