Psychology Question Bank – 566 MCQs on "Thinking and Problem Solving" – Part 3

566 Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) with Answers on “Thinking and Problem Solving” for Psychology Students – Part 3:

201. Relaxation theory of play is otherwise known as:

(a) Recapitulation Theory

(b) Instinct Theory

(c) The theory of Recreation

(d) Surplus Energy Theory

202. According to McDougall, children play different types of games because of untimely maturation of:

(a) Basic instincts

(b) Libido

(c) Basic motives

(d) Incentives

203. Who viewed that the child repeats his hereditary characteristics in play?

(a) Spencer

(b) Staneley Hall

(c) Patrick

(d) McDougall

204. “Preparation for future adult activities” the­ory of play was advanced by:

(a) Gross

(b) Staneley Hall

(c) Mc Doughall

(d) Patrick

205. “The child’s play is the infantile form of human ability with experiences creating model situations and to master experiment and planning. To play it out is the most natural self-realing measure childhood affords.”

Who has given the above statement?

(a) Erickson (1964)

(b) Allport (1960)

(c) Bandura (1963)

(d) Mayer (1967)

206. Who has used directive play therapy as a substitute of verbal method of treatment?

(a) Reynor

(b) Anna Freud

(c) J. B. Watson

(d) Sigmund Freud

207. Directive Play Therapy is used as a method of treatment by applying:

(a) Psychoanalysis on children

(b) Punishment on children

(c) Reward on children

(d) Reinforcement on children

208. The genetic theorists argue the presence of an extra “Y” chromosome in:

(a) Female child

(b) Male child

(c) Twins

(d) Delinquents

209. Some children exhibit disorder in one or more basic psychotic processes involved in understanding and in using spoken written languages. What are they?

(a) Learning Disabled Children

(b) Mentally Retarded Children

(c) Juvenile Delinquents

(d) Emotionally Disturbed Children

210. The genes in the “X” and “Y” chromosomes are called:

(a) Genes

(b) Abnormal genes

(c) Normal genes

(d) Reproductive genes

211. Galton’s research on hereditary transmission and genetic endowments was the first effort to conduct research on:

(a) Mendel’s discovery

(b) Pavlov’s discovery

(c) Watson’s discovery

(d) James’ discovery

212. Anxiety is said to be negatively correlated with:

(a) Intelligence

(b) Conflict

(c) Frustration

(d) Tension

213. Large number of classic studies in the field of biology, biochemistry, genetics, deve­lopmental physiology and psychology lead to a general point of view on the nature and nurture controversy. This general point of view is currently called:

(a) Introspectionism

(b) Interactionism

(c) Environmentalism

(d) Behaviourism

214. A child who has achieved a balance between extreme introversion and extreme extrover­sion is called:

(a) Narcissistic

(b) Ambivert

(c) Expert

(d) Delinquent

215. The modern psychologists view that all human development including intelligence and cognition the product or consequence or interaction of heredity and environment, nature and nurture. This is called:

(a) Environmentalism

(b) Behaviourism

(c) Interactionism

(d) Structuralism

216. A branch of knowledge concerned with both the nature of development and regulation of significant, structural, functional and behavioural changes occurring in children as they advance in age and maturity is popularly known as:

(a) Child Development

(b) Educational Psychology

(c) School Psychology

(d) Classroom Psychology

217. The scientific study of changes in the child’s biological, social, cognitive and emotional behaviour across the span of childhood is called:

(a) Educational Psychology

(b) Social Psychology

(c) Child Development

(d) Special Psychology

218. The branch of knowledge which studies the behaviours and behaviour changes that occur during the entire life span is popularly known as:

(a) Developmental Psychology

(b) Child Psychology

(c) Educational Psychology

(d) Special Psychology

219. Who suggested— “All things considered, the inevitableness and surety of maturation are the most impressive characteristics of early development. It is the hereditary ballast which conserves and stabilizes the growth of each individual infant”?

(a) Gesell (1928)

(b) J. B. Watson (1928)

(c) Bandura (1963)

(d) Walters (1977)

220. To explain children’s behaviour, J. B. Wat­son and I. P. Pavlov used the concept of:

(a) Law of Effect

(b) Principle of Reinforcement

(c) Instrumental Conditioning

(d) Classical Conditioning

221. Who has emphatically told that children learn not only through classical and operant conditioning but also by observing and imitating others?

(a) J. B. Watson (1928)

(b) Bandura (1977)

(c) Thomas (1963)

(d) Rosenthal (1974)

222. The best known organismic theory of development is the cognitive structural theory of:

(a) J. B. Watson

(b) Jean Piaget

(c) Sigmund Freud

(d) C. G. Jung

223. Organismic theorists view the child as developing along a course shaped both by:

(a) Biological Predispositions and expe­rience

(b) Environmental influences and libidinal influences

(c) Hereditary influences and learning

(d) Perceptual experiences and Instinctual influences

224. Human beings actively construct the reality of their world. In fact, constructionism is the cornerstone of:

(a) Organismic Theory

(b) Psychodynamics

(c) Social Learning Theory

(d) Ethological Theory

225. According to Freud, development is gover­ned by unconscious:

(a) Drives and instincts

(b) Libido

(c) Personality

(d) Memory

226. With his introduction of Psychoanalytic theory, who has initiated a revolution in thinking about human motivation and personality?

(a) C. G. Jung

(b) Sigmund Freud

(c) Alfred Adler

(d) Otto Rank

227. Who emphatically said that development is a discontinuous process that proceed in a series of discrete stages?

(a) J. B. Watson

(b) Sigmund Freud

(c) Wilhelm Wundt

(d) E. B. Titchener

228. In constrast to Freud, whose stage theory covered only the years up to adolescence, Erikson’s stages encompassed?

(a) The full life span

(b) Up to adulthood

(c) Up to 50 years

(d) Up to 60 years

229. Bandura’s social learning theory offers a useful perspective for explaining:

(a) Intellectual Development

(b) Social Development

(c) Cognitive Development

(d) Emotional Development

230. The ethological perspective has strong ties to evolutionary theory and sees development as a process of:

(a) Adaptation to the environment

(b) Hereditary transmission

(c) Imitation and sublimation

(d) Displacement and reaction formation

231. Who used the “Observation” of children in their natural surroundings as their basic
methodology and their goals are to develop detailed descriptions and classifications of behaviour?

(a) Ecologists

(b) Learning Theorists

(c) Ethologists

(d) Behaviourists

232. A major advocate of “Ecological Perspec­tive” is:

(a) Sigmund Freud (1920)

(b) Charles Darwin (1912)

(c) J. B. Watson (1928)

(d) Urie Bronfenbrenner (1979)

233. According to Bronfenbrenner (1979), the actual setting in which the child lives and interacts with other people is called:

(a) Macrosystem

(b) Exosystem

(c) Mesosystem

(d) Microsystem

234. For an adult, the links among the micro­system of family, work and friends define the:

(a) Mesosystem

(b) Macrosystem

(c) Exosystem

(d) Mass system

235. Developmental psychology studies the description, explanation and prediction of:

(a) Child Behaviour

(b) Animal Behaviour

(c) Human Behaviour

(d) Old age problems

236. Who said, “Developmental Psychology is the most recently articulated area of interest in the general field of Psychology”?

(a) Sigmund Freud

(b) Scott

(c) William James

(d) Carl Jung

237. Child Psychology was a very neglected discipline until:

(a) 17th Century

(b) 18th Century

(c) 19th Century

(d) 20th Century

238. Who has depicted in his famous book Emile that the child is gifted with an innate moral sense?

(a) Sigmund Freud

(b) Tiedmann

(c) C. G. Jung

(d) J. J. Rousseau

239. Who has published his classic book called “The mind of the Child”?

(a) Preyer

(b) Freud

(c) Darwin

(d) Allport

240. Which book of G. Stanley Hall (1891) was regarded as an early scientific study of the child?

(a) The contents of children’s minds

(b) Origin of Species

(c) Emile

(d) The mind of the child

241. Twentieth century is called the:

(a) Century of old men and women

(b) Century of the child

(c) Century of Adults

(d) Century of Human being

242. The new preoccupation with child psychology was exemplified in William Stern’s systematic book:

(a) A mind that found itself

(b) Psychology of Early childhood

(c) Emile

(d) Century of the child

243. Until 1920, psychoanalytic studies of children were however few and fragmentary. It was Freud’s daughter who presented a major systematic view of child analysis. What was her name?

(a) Alfred Adler

(b) Anna Freud

(c) Eric Fromm

(d) Carl Jung

244. Very often, the child declares that the cold wind which beats his face is hostile while the warm sun is generous. It is due to:

(a) Egocentrism

(b) Reversibility

(c) Emotional Trauma

(d) Concept Formation

245. The branch of knowledge concerned with both the nature of development and regulation of significant, structural, func­tional and behavioural changes occurring in children as they advance in age and maturity is called:

(a) Educational Psychology

(b) Child Development

(c) Psychoanalysis

(d) Counselling Psychology

246. The branch of knowledge which studies the behaviours and behavioural changes that occur during the entire lifespan is known as:

(a) Child Development

(b) Psychiatry

(c) Psychoanalysis

(d) Educational Psychology

247. The early studies on Child Development were:

(a) Philosophical and Mystical

(b) Mythological

(c) Literal

(d) Psychological

248. The earlier concepts of Child Development started with the:

(a) Development of the child

(b) Birth of the child

(c) Growth of the child

(d) Conception of the child

249. Who discovered much similarity between a child and a plant?

(a) Alfred Adler

(b) Einstein

(c) Froebel

(d) Sigmund Freud

250. Who viewed that growth and development are possible only through self-activity which enables the child to realize his own nature and develop his own individuality?

(a) Hethrington

(b) John Locke

(c) Sigmund Freud

(d) Froebel

251. Development refers to:

(a) Qualitative change

(b) Quantitative change

(c) Proportional change

(d) Physical change

252. A child is not just a “mini adult”, rather he is a distinct:

(a) Self

(b) Organism

(c) Personality

(d) Individual

253. Body size is controlled by:

(a) Genetic influences

(b) Hereditary influences

(c) Environmental influences

(d) Physical influences

254. One of the factors affecting prenatal development is:

(a) Maternal Speech

(b) Maternal Nutrition

(c) Peer group

(d) Social Learning

255. Identical twins are:

(a) Never of the same sex

(b) Usually of the same sex

(c) Always of the same sex

(d) Of same sex depending upon chromo­somes

256. A fertilized ovum contains:

(a) 23 chromosomes

(b) 23 pairs of chromosomes

(c) 46 sets of chromosomes

(d) 23 matched chromosomes

257. Observing the developmental pattern of an infant over years is called:

(a) Cross-sectional study

(b) Longitudinal study

(c) Cross-sequential study

(d) Cross-cultural study

258. Sex is determined at the time of:

(a) Conception

(b) Fertilization

(c) Birth

(d) Development

259. Negativism refers to:

(a) Abnormal Behaviour

(b) Resistence to Adults Authority

(c) Speech Disorder

(d) Emotional Disorder

260. Children’s nature is:

(a) Destructive

(b) Constructive

(c) Imaginative

(d) Imitative

261. The tendency to adopt the values and attitudes of others is known as:

(a) Sociability

(b) Integrity

(c) Conformity

(d) Selectivity

262. Generally babies walk holding in furniture at their age of:

(a) 15 months

(b) 9 months

(c) 16 months

(d) 24 months

263. Which one of the following is a method of studying child behaviour?

(a) Dream Analysis

(b) Conditioning

(c) Check-list

(d) Hypnosis

264. Childhood play is:

(a) Formal

(b) Informal

(c) Good

(d) Complex

265. Tempertantrums normally:

(a) Decrease with age

(b) Increase with age

(c) Remain same with age

(d) Flucturate with age

266. Neonates are generally:

(a) Gregarious

(b) Non-gregarious

(c) Co-operative

(d) Depressive

267. Which one of the followings is a speech defect?

(a) Struttering

(b) Bilingualism

(c) Vocabulary

(d) Phonetics

268. “Handedness” means:

(a) The predominant use of one hard

(b) Use of left hand

(c) Use of right hand

(d) Use of both the hands

269. During late childhood stage, the child:

(a) Uses his elders as a means to self gratification

(b) Is a member of the gang and is loyal to it

(c) Joins a gang but owes his first allegiance to his parents

(d) Becomes a model for his parents

270. Tempertantrums occur among children due to:

(a) Overprotection

(b) Low intelligence

(c) Poor imagination

(d) Inherited emotional instability

271. Compared to the rest, the gifted children are:

(a) Adjusted

(b) Peculiar

(c) Not adjusted

(d) More adjusted

272. The smallest element of language is:

(a) Phoneme

(b) Morpheme

(c) Synatctic Rules

(d) Concepts

273. Each child only inherits:

(a) 25 per cent of each parental genes

(b) 30 per cent of each parental genes

(c) 50 per cent of each parental genes.

(d) 100 per cent of each parental genes

274. Male gonads produce:

(a) Ova

(b) Spermatozoa

(c) Cells

(d) Eggs

275. The concept of individual differences was first developed by:

(a) Murphy

(b) Darwin

(c) Galton

(d) Cartel

276. Secondary’ circular reaction is generally found between:

(a) Seven to Ten months

(b) Eleven to Eighteen months

(c) Two to Four years

(d) Four to Six months

277. Sensorimotor period precedes:

(a) Formal operational period

(b) Pre-operational period

(c) Concrete operational period

(d) Operational period

278. Sensorimotor period is a stage before:

(a) Language Development of the child

(b) Emotional Development of the child

(c) Motor Development of the child

(d) Psychological Development of the child

279. Who said, “Intelligence is the co-ordination of operation”?

(a) Sigmund Freud

(b) C. G. Jung

(c) Jean Piaget

(d) G. Stanley hall

280. Pronunciation is learned by:

(a) Modelling

(b) Imitations

(c) Punishment

(d) Reward

281. Children’s social status among their peers is affected by their:

(a) Birth order

(b) Personality

(c) Place of living

(d) Neighbours

282. A fertilized ovum contains:

(a) 46 Chromosomes

(b) 23 Chromosomes

(c) 48 Chromosomes

(d) 280 Chromosomes

283. A socially accepted form of reaction to frustration is:

(a) Projection

(b) Rationalization

(c) Daydream

(d) Self-punishment

284. An interchange of thoughts and feelings is called:

(a) Speech

(b) Language

(c) Expression

(d) Communication

285. A famous longitudinal study on gifted children was done by:

(a) Thurstone

(b) Thorndike

(c) Binet

(d) Terman

286. Proximodistal sequence is a sequence of:

(a) Speech Development

(b) Motor Development

(c) Emotional Development

(d) Social Development

287. Phenylketonuria (PKU) is caused due to:

(a) Lack of enzime

(b) Lack of blood sugar

(c) Chromosomal anomalies

(d) Shortage of WBC

288. The average I.Q. of children with PKU is approximately:

(a) 50

(b) 60

(c) 90

(d) 140

289. Unlike Down’s syndrome, children suffering from PKU create:

(a) Emotional problems

(b) Social complications

(c) Physiological complications

(d) Psychological complications

290. The adverse effect of PKU can be prevented if the disease is dictated immediately after:

(a) Death

(b) Birth

(c) Adolescence

(d) Old age

291. A special phenylalanine free diet is required immediately for the neonate if he suffers from:

(a) Down’s Syndrome

(b) Epilepsy

(c) Maternal infection

(d) PKU

292. Down’s syndrome is otherwise known as:

(a) PKU

(b) Mongolism

(c) Emotional Trauma

(d) Tempertantrum

293. The normal prenatal period of human development calculated in days is about:

(a) 230

(b) 270

(c) 250

(d) 295

294. Hereditary traits are transmitted through:

(a) Genes

(b) Chromosomes

(c) Blood

(d) Colour

295. Conservation is a characteristic of:

(a) Preoperational Stage

(b) Concrete Operational Stage

(c) Formal Operational Stage

(d) Sensorimotor Stage

296. Parental indifference to the child’s beha­viour is called:

(a) Aggression

(b) Withdrawal

(c) Overprotection

(d) Identification

297. Eidetic imagery is often displayed by chil­dren in between:

(a) 15 to 18 years

(b) 4 to 7 years

(c) 7 to 10 years

(d) 10 to 15 years

298. Development of muscle control depends upon:

(a) Maturation

(b) Ovulation

(c) Fertilization

(d) Menstruation

299. The most critical period in the development of a child’s life lies between:

(a) Birth to 3 years

(b) 4 to 6 years

(c) 7 to 11 years

(d) 12 to 16 years

300. In children, frustration is mainly caused by:

(a) Environmental Obstacles

(b) Parental Separations

(c) Encouragements

(d) Sibling Rivalry

Answers

201. (c) 202. (a) 203. (b) 204. (a) 205. (a) 206. (b) 207. (a) 208. (d) 209. (a) 210. (a) 211. (a) 212. (a) 213. (b) 214. (a) 215. (c) 216. (a) 217. (b) 218. (a) 219. (a) 220. (d) 221. (b) 222. (b) 223. (a) 224. (a) 225. (a) 226. (b) 227. (b) 228. (a) 229. (b) 230. (a) 231. (c) 232. (d) 233. (d) 234. (a) 235. (a) 236. (b) 237. (a) 238. (d) 239. (a) 240. (a) 241. (b) 242. (b) 243. (b) 244. (a) 245. (b) 246. (a) 247. (a) 248. (b) 249. (c) 250. (d) 251. (c) 252. (a) 253. (a) 254. (b) 255. (c) 256. (b) 257. (b) 258. (b) 259. (b) 260. (d) 261. (c) 262. (b) 263. (c) 264. (b) 265. (a) 266. (b) 267. (a) 268. (a) 269. (b) 270. (a) 271. (d) 272. (a) 273. (c) 274. (b) 275. (c) 276. (d) 277. (b) 278. (a) 279. (c) 280. (b) 281. (b) 282. (a) 283. (b) 284. (a) 285. (d) 286. (b) 287. (a) 288. (a) 289. (d) 290. (b) 291. (d) 292. (b) 293. (b) 294. (a) 295. (b) 296. (c) 297. (b) 298. (a) 299. (b) 300. (d)