Psychology Question Bank – 566 MCQs on "Thinking and Problem Solving" – Part 2

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566 Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) with Answers on “Thinking and Problem Solving” for Psychology Students – Part 2

101. According to Flavell (1977), perception, thinking and reasoning about humans and human affairs is known as:

(a) Social Cognition

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(b) Social Perception

(d) Socialization

102. When children recognize that each individual is aware of other people’s thoughts and feelings, it is called:

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(a) Self-reflection

(b) Mutual role taking

(d) Social and conventional system role taking

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103. The shared emotional responses which the child experiences on perceiving other’s emotional reactions is known as:

(a) Empathy

(b) Epathy

(d) Emotional Trauma

104. “Mutual Role Taking Stage” is found among children:

(a) Between the ages 10 and 12

(b) Between the ages 18 and 24

(d) between the ages 2 and 6

105. In which “role taking stage”, children realize that there are integrated networks of perspectives such as American or a catholic point of view?

(a) Social and Conventional System of Role Taking

(b) Mutual Role Taking

(d) Social Informational Role Taking

106. Who concluded in his theory that from ages 5 to about 12, a child’s concept of justice passes from moral realism to moral relativism?

(a) W. B. Watson

(b) Sigmund Freud

(d) Karniol

107. Around age 11, children think that everyone has equal right to justice and consideration. It is called:

(a) Moral Relativism

(b) Moral Realism

(d) Moral Consequence

108. Stages of moral development for children were emphasized by:

(a) LB. Watson

(b) E. B. Titchener

(d) Kohlberg

109. Moral Development is related to and dependent upon:

(a) Intellectual Development

(b) Socialization

(d) Perception

110. Genetic studies of children over varying lengths of time have emphasized the persistence of the two elements of the personality pattern:

(a) The self-concept and traits

(b) Moral development and socialization

(d) Prenatal development and play

111. According to Freud, the period from the end of the oedipal stage around 6 years is called:

(a) Genital Stage

(b) Latency Period

(d) Oral Stage

112. A system of learning which was first demonstrated by Tolman in 1932 is known as:

(a) Latent Learning

(b) Trial and Error Learning

(d) Insightful learning

113. A girl who is sexually attracted to members of her own sex is called:

(a) A lesbian

(b) A sexologist

(d) A homosexual girl

114. The term originally used by Freud to refer to sexual energy which is derived from the id and is available to power mental and physical activity is known as:

(a) Ego

(b) Super ego

(d) Instinct

115. A simplified form of speech that adults adopt when talking to very young children is called:

(a) Motherese

(b) Mothering

(d) Maturation

116. Bowlby’s original idea of the way in which attachment develops between the young infant and its mother is called:

(a) Maternal Drive

(b) Monotrophy

(d) Affection

117. The identical twins who are developed from the same fertilized ovum which has subsequently split to develop as two independent Fetus are known as:

(a) Monozygotic Twins

(b) Fraternal Twins

(d) Socialized Twins

118. The condition in which an adult is sexually attracted to children and can only achieve sexual arousal with them is popularly known as:

(a) Pedophilia

(b) Astabia Abasia

(d) Phobia

119. A term is frequently used in experiments for the level at which a person or animal or a child performs on a particular task. What is it?

(a) Variable

(b) Performance

(d) Problem

120. The words that children seem to use in the earliest stage of language acquisition are known as:

(a) Symbols

(b) Pivot words

(d) Concepts

121. An approach for studying language which concentrates on the functions that language performs rather than on the structure of the language itself is called:

(a) Pragmatics

(b) Psycholinguistics

(d) Symbolism

122. The study of personal space and the use of touch as nonverbal cues in communication is known as:

(a) Concept

(b) Proxemics

(d) Gesture

123. The study of psychological aspects of language and the relationships between language and other psychological processes is known as:

(a) Psycholinguistics

(b) Concept formation

(d) Verbal Accommodation

124. The stage of physical growth during which the child becomes capable of reproduction is called:

(a) Puberty

(b) Maturation

(d) Adolescence

125. The extent to which a message does not provide new information in “Information Theory” is called:

(a) Redundancy

(b) Concept

(d) Hypothesis

126. A retreat under stress to an earlier psychosexual stage is called:

(a) Aggression

(b) Regression

(d) Rehearsal

127. “One’s expectations can have an effect on an outcome that is being observed.”—who has given the above statement?

(a) Rosenthal

(b) Wilhelm Wundt

(d) Jean Piaget

128. The process by which our senses adjust their sensitivity to the surrounding environment is called:

(a) Perception

(b) Attention

(d) Distraction

129. The process by which a child becomes integrated into society by adopting its norms and values, acquiring the necessary skills of social interaction is known as :

(a) Socialization

(b) Social Interaction

(d) Affiliation

130. The process by which two people or animals directly each other’s behaviour is called:

(a) Social Interaction

(b) Socialization

(d) Sociability

131. Yerkes-Dodson Law is associated with:

(a) Socialization

(b) Affiliation

(d) Social Interaction

132. The study of social forms of language and the ways in which language is used in society is known as:

(a) Sociolinguistics

(b) Psycholinguistics

(d) Trilingualism

133. A device to convert a biological signal such as heart-beat or skin resistance into an electrical signal suitable for recording is known as:

(a) Transducer

(b) Trans-sexual

(d) Transdoctor

134. A genetic disorder in which the individual has one fewer chromosome than normal resulting in sexual abnormalities is called:

(a) Turner’s Syndrome

(b) Brown’s Syndrome

(d) Schizophrenia

135. An irrational and excessive fear of strangers is known is:

(a) Oglophohia

(b) Acrophobia

(d) Agrophobia

136. A rigid and inflexible notion of right and wrong in which “justice is subordinated to adult authority” is known as:

(a) Moral Realism

(b) Moral Relativism

(d) Moral Biting

137. Developmental Psychology studies the description, explanation and prediction of:

(a) Child Behaviour

(b) Adult Behaviour

(d) School problems

138. In which period, children were forced to behave and act like adults and according to adult standards?

(a) Ancient Period

(b) Medieval Period

(d) Modern Period

139. According to the preformationist concept, all adult qualities are found at:

(a) Birth

(b) Death

(d) Adolescence

140. The society during previctorian era was:

(a) Adult-centred

(b) Child-centred

(d) Old men-centred

141. In a book “EMILE” (1962), it was depicted that the child is gifted with an innate moral sense. Who is the author of that book?

(a) J. J. Rousseau

(b) Pestalozzi

(d) John Locke

142. Maximum number of Baby Biographies was published in:

(a) The 19th century

(b) The 20th century

(d) The 16th century

143. Because of large number of studies on “Child Behaviour” and tremendous emphasis on Child and Developmental psychology, 20th century is called the :

(a) Century of Adults

(b) Century of the child

(d) Century of women

144. The “Questionnaire technique” was made popular by famous American Psychologist:

(a) G. Stanley Hall

(b) J. B. Watson

(d) B. F. Skinner

145. At Yale University, who introduced the “Moving Picture Camera” as an aid to observe young children?

(a) Gessel (1926)

(b) Wallace (1961)

(d) Spitz (1965)

146. The clinic for the treatment of “problem children” was first established by:

(a) Goodenough (1949)

(b) Wittmer (1896)

(d) Wilt Enborn (1956)

147. The behaviour and activities of the child are expressed quantitatively through the:

(a) Behaviour Rating Method

(b) Projective Technique

(d) Psychophysical Method

148. The testing method for studying children was first introduced by:

(a) Binet (1905)

(b) Piaget (1960)

(d) Hoffman (1967)

149. Which method is generally used when it becomes necessary to find out if the disease or behaviour problems of the child have relapsed after treatment?

(a) Psychophysical Method

(b) Follow-up Method

(d) Method of Individual Diagnosis

150. The progressive series of changes of an orderly, coherent type towards the direction of maturity is called:

(a) Growth

(b) Development

(d) Adolescence

151. Among the periods of prenatal development, the period of fetus is:

(a) Most lengthy

(b) Dangerous

(d) Very short

152. The period of Ovum is called the:

(a) Period of Zygote

(b) Period of Embryo

(d) Period of Disturbances

153. Period of Partunate refers to the:

(a) First 15 to 30 minutes of life

(b) First 15 days of life

(d) First ten days of life

154. Normally the neonate sleeps for:

(a) 24 hours a day

(b) 18 to 20 hours a day

(d) 2 hours a day

155. The Period of Partunate refers to the first 15 to 30 minutes of life, until the infant is cut from:

(a) The umbilical cord

(b) The internal world

(d) The environmental pressure

156. Darwinian Reflex decreases gradually due to:

(a) Cross connectivism

(b) Transfer

(d) Atrophy through disuse

157. If an object is placed in the baby’s palm, the fingers are closed so strongly that the neonates can support their entire weight by their hands. This prenatal posture is retained by most infants for 3 to 4 weeks after birth. This is popularly known as:

(a) Darwinian Reflex

(b) Luckian Reflex

(d) Watsonian Reflex

158. When the infant is placed on his back, he will throw his legs and hands upward as if he is going to embrace somebody. This is popularly known as:

(a) Moro Embrace Reflex

(b) Sucking Reflex

(d) Foot Reflex

159. The development of the ability to walk upright is called:

(a) Locomotor Development

(b) Sensorimotor Learning

(d) Bilateral Transfer

160. Ames and Shirley have emphasized the relative stability of the locomotor sequence as an indicator of a function of:

(a) Learning

(b) Maturation

(d) Intelligence

161. Who is the author of the famous book “Hereditary Genius”?

(a) Watson

(b) Galton

(d) Binet

162. Schiff (1978) has examined the role of genetics in:

(a) Sensory Development

(b) Motor Development

(d) Emotional Development

163. Who said —”I propose to show in this book that a man’s natural abilities are derived by intelligence under exactly the same limitations as the form and physical features of the whole organic world”?

(a) Galton

(b) J.B. Watson

(d) Ravens

164. The first part of “Preoperational Period” (Piget) is known as:

(a) Preconceptual Period

(b) Internal Mental Period

(d) Secondary Circular Reactions

165. During Pre-operational Period, Children are found to be extremely:

(a) Benevolent

(b) Egocentric

(d) Intelligent

166. Syrup can be made with water and sugar. Again syrup can reduced to sugar by putting it in fire. When the child is to understand this, he is said to have the capacity of:

(a) Reversibility

(b) Conservation

(d) Casuality

167. The mental ability to arrange things in order is known as:

(a) Seriation

(b) Casuality

(d) Conservation

168. The concrete operational stage is responsible for the stability and integration of the child’s:

(a) Emotional System

(b) Cognitive System

(d) Memory System

169. The concepts of children are generally developed during the period of:

(a) Intuitive Thought

(b) Preoperational Stage

(d) Tertiary Circular Reactions

170. Mental Age (MA) is a measure of the absolute level of:

(a) Emotion

(b) Intelligence

(d) Learning

171. The process of classifying all intellectual abilities into a systematic frame work is called:

(a) Structure of Intellect

(b) Structure of Emotion

(d) Structure of Creativity

172. The concept of “Structure of intellect” was proposed by:

(a) Blewett (1964)

(b) Guilford (1961)

(d) Bayley(1969)

173. According to the model “Structure of Intellect”, Guifford revealed that intelligence can be broken into:

(a) 100 factors

(b) 120 factors

(d) 55 factors

174. Who is the author of the article “How much can we boost I.Q. and Scholastic Achievement”?

(a) Prof. Arthur Jensen (1969)

(b) Blewett (1954)

(d) Bayley (1969)

175. Jensen’s findings indicate the role of heredity on the development and growth of:

(a) Creativity

(b) Emotion

(d) Intelligence

176. Who has evaluated the findings of “Project Head Start” conducted as a contemporary project to help the socially disadvantaged Negroes and Asiatic origin lower class people ?

(a) Arthur Jensen (1969)

(b) Shields (1962)

(d) Holzinger (1937)

177. While E.B. Titchener holds emotion as an effective state of the organism, Carr (1925) views emotion as a form of:

(a) Energy mobilization

(b) Creativity

(d) Daydream

178. Emotional response is weakened if:

(a) Uverlearning takes place

(b) Reason is applied

(d) Goal is achieved

179. The most systematic study on the development of emotion in children from a state of general excitement found at birth has been made by:

(a) Robert Bridges (1932)

(b) J. Hunt (1961)

(d) Kagan (1962)

180. Impulsive responses of anger are otherwise known as:

(a) Aggression

(b) Regression

(d) Repression

181. Violent outbursts of anger is called:

(a) Tempertantrum

(b) Frustration

(d) Imprinting

182. Tempertantrum reaches its peak at the age of:

(a) 3 to 4 years

(b) 7 years

(d) 25 years

183. Under inhibited response of anger, the child may withdraw to himself as a result of:

(a) Frustration

(b) Learning

(d) Distant goal

184. Which mechanism of dream work makes the dream coherent and meaningful?

(a) Secondary Elaboration

(b) Displacement

(d) Dramatization

(e) Condensation

185. Tempertantrum comes to an end by:

(a) 7 years

(b) 19 years

(d) 22 years

186. The bright example of self destruction and self aggression is:

(a) Frustration

(b) Suicide

(d) Introjection

187. Jealousy is an outgrowth of:

(a) Repression

(b) Regression

(d) Fear

188. The systematized set of vocal habits by means of which the members of a human society interact in terms of their culture is called:

(a) Language

(b) Concept

(d) Vocabulary

189. When children show resistance to adult authority and does just the opposite of what they ask him to do is called:

(a) Negativism

(b) Rivalry

(d) Quarreling

190. “It does indeed seem possible to teach children to think creatively. The most successful approaches seem to be those that involve both cognitive and emotional functioning, provide adequate structures and motivation and give opportunities for involvement, practice and interaction with teachers and other children. Motivating and facilitating conditions certainly make a difference in creative functioning but differences seem to be greatest and most predictable when deliberate teaching is involved Teachers, though their behaviour is an instructional setting can make a lot of difference in the cognitive and affective life of children but they must be sure of their objectives, whether they count to foster creativity in pupils or their own self-ful- filling prophecy.”

Who has made this statement?

(a) Torrance

(b) Jensen

(d) J.W. Taylor

191. Moral Development is intimately linked with stages of:

(a) Intellectual Development

(b) Emotional Development

(d) Imitation

192. Who have shown how the ability to moral judgement behaviour that conforms to approved social standard follow a predictable pattern related to the sequence of stages in intellectual development?

(a) Jensen and Binett

(b) Piaget and Kohlberg

(d) Blanton and Blatt

193. Who viewed that moral development occurs in two clear-cut stages—Morality by constraint and morality by Reciprocity?

(a) Jean Piaget

(b) Jensen

(d) Binett

194. Guilt is a negative:

(a) Self evaluation

(b) Attitude

(d) Sociability

195. Childhood schizophrenia is otherwise known as:

(a) Autism

(b) Tempertantrum

(d) Anaphathalmia

196. If a child’s eye ball is abnormally small, he is supposed to be affected by:

(a) Oxycephaly

(b) Antridia

(d) Anaphathalmia

197. If a child’s eyes do not develop at all, he is supposed to be affected by:

(a) Anaphalmia

(b) Oxycephaly

(d) Microphathalmia

198. Sometimes a child’s iris fails to develop, visual acuity becomes poor and there is rapid involuntary movement of eye ball. Here the child is affected by:

(a) Anaphathaimia

(b) Oxycephaly

(d) Microphathalmia

199. Schiller Spencer theory of play is otherwise known as:

(a) Preparation for Future Adult Activities

(b) Surplus energy theory of play

(d) Instinct Theory

200. Who was the propounder of “Instinct Theory of Play”?

(a) Staneley Hall

(b) McDougall

(d) Spencer

Answers

101. (a) 102. (a) 103. (a) 104. (a) 105. (a) 106. (c) 107. (a) 108. (d) 109. (a) 110. (a) 111. (b) 112. (a) 113. (a) 114. (c) 115. (a) 116. (b) 117. (a) 118. (a) 119. (b) 120. (b) 121. (a) 122. (b) 123. (b) 124. (a) 125. (a) 126. (b) 127. (a) 128. (a) 129. (a) 130. (a) 131. (c) 132. (a) 133. (c) 134. (a) 135. (c) 136. (a) 137. (a) 138. (a) 139. (a) 140. (a) 141. (a) 142. (a) 143. (a) 144. (a) 145. (a) 146. (b) 147. (a) 148. (b) 149. (b) 150. (b) 151. (a) 152. (a) 153. (a) 154. (b) 155. (a) 156. (d) 157. (a) 158. (a) 159. (a) 160. (b) 161. (b) 162. (c) 163. (a) 164. (a) 165. (b) 166. (a) 167. (a) 168. (b) 169. (a) 170. (b) 171. (a) 172. (b) 173. (b) 174. (a) 175. (d) 176. (a) 177. (a) 178. (b) 179. (a) 180. (a) 181. (a) 182. (a) 183. (a) 184. (a) 185. (b) 186. (c) 187. (a) 188. (a) 189. (a) 190. (a) 191. (b) 192. (a) 193. (a) 194. (a) 195. (a) 196. (b) 197. (a) 198. (c) 199. (b) 200. (b)

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