Psychology Question Bank – 566 MCQs on “Thinking and Problem Solving” – Part 1

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566 Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) with Answers on “Thinking and Problem Solving” for Psychology Students – Part 1:

1. Which one of the following drugs stimulates the Central Nervous System?

(a) Epinephrine

(b) Norepinephrine

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(d) Acceotylcholine

2. The style of speech adopted by adults when talking to a baby is called:

(a) Babbling

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(b) Baby Talk

(d) Stammering

3. The vocalisations produced by infants which include the full range of human phonemes are known as:

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(a) Babbling

(b) Stuttering

(d) Motherese

4. The study of the influence of genes on behaviour is popularly known as:

(a) Behavioural Science

(b) Anthropology

(d) Behaviour Genetics

5. In 1962, a term was coined by C. Henry Campe in a paper which first alerted the medical profession to the widespread existence of infants who had been injured by their parents. What was this term?

(a) Identical Twins

(b) Battered Baby

(d) Secular Baby

6. The production of novel behaviours through the systematic adjustment of reinforcement contingencies is popularly known as:

(a) Habit

(b) Behaviour Shaping

(d) Spontaneous Recovery

7. The process by which control of autonomic functioning can be learned if the individual is provided with information about how the baby is working, is known as:

(a) Memory Span

(b) Biofeedback

(d) All-or-None Principle

8. The study of the biological sources of individual functioning is known as:

(a) Psychodynamics

(b) Biopsychology

(d) Psychophysics

9. The psychological study involving the detailed investigation of just one particular case or individual is known as:

(a) Case Study

(b) Biography

(d) Autobiography

10. A detailed account of the background and previous experience of a single patient or client is known as:

(a) Baby Biography

(b) Case Study

(d) Hypnotism

11. The technique which makes use of the fact that the genetic “blueprint” for a whole animal is reproduced in the genes and chromosomes of each cell nucleus in its body, is popularly known as:

(a) Fertilization

(b) Cloning

(d) Conception

12. The application of Psychology for improving life for members of the community is known as:

(a) Community Psychology

(b) Social Psychology

(d) Comparative Psychology

13. That, which cannot be observed by another person, is called:

(a) Experience

(b) Action

(d) Event

14. The child must understand syntax for the development of:

(a) Pronunciation

(b) Comprehension

(d) Sentence formation

15. Who viewed that two general mental abilities underlie comprehension. They are the ability to remember word meanings and the ability to research with verbal concepts and hence with words:

(a) Davis

(b) Freud

(d) J.B. Watson

16. An experiment has been aptly described as a:

(a) Question put to self

(b) Question put to Nature

(d) Question put to Psychologists

17. A little girl Leny pushed Bapula, her brother, off his tricycle. She learned to behave this way the behaviour paid-off in the past. In other words, she learned to act aggressively in certain situations because she was rewarded for such behaviour in the past. With which perspective, a psychologist can study this type of problem?

(a) Biological Perspective

(b) Behavioural Perspective

(d) Cognitive Perspective

18. The perspective which is concerned with characteristic changes that occur in people as they mature is known as:

(a) Developmental Perspective

(b) Psychoanalytic Perspective

(d) Cognitive Perspective

19. A person’s sense of self is emphasized by:

(a) Psychoanalytic Perspective

(b) Biological Perspective

(d) Developmental Perspective

20. The chemical substances secreted from endocrine glands are known as:

(a) Biles

(b) Fluids

(d) Hormones

21. The basic unit of Nervous system is:

(a) Neuron

(b) Cell

(d) Nerve

22. Oversecretion from thyroid gland may cause:

(a) Grave’s Disease

(b) Mongolism

(d) Diabetes

23. Dwarfism occurs as a result of:

(a) Undersecretion of adrenaline

(b) Undersecretion of an anterior pituitary hormone

(d) Oversecretion of adrenaline

24. Ductless glands are otherwise known as:

(a) Endocrine glands

(b) Sweat glands

(d) Tear glands

25. Endocrine glands secret their hormones directly into the:

(a) Gallbladder

(b) Bloodstream

(d) Spinal cord

26. The sex glands are otherwise known as:

(a) Gonads

(b) Kidney

(d) Adrenal gland

27. The very word “hormone” means:

(a) Mechanical Messenger

(b) Electrical Messenger

(d) Chemical messenger

28. Which one is both an exocrine and endocrine gland?

(a) Pancreas

(b) Parathyroids

(d) Thyroids

29. The manufacture of adrenaline and noradrenaline is controlled by:

(a) Pituitary gland

(b) Nervous system

(d) Pancreas

30. Testes secrete:

(a) Progestins

(b) Adrenaline

(d) Androgenes

31. Reflex actions are controlled by:

(a) Brain

(b) Spinal cord

(d) Peripheral Nervous System

32. Under strong emotions:

(a) Thyroxin is secreted

(b) Androgen is secreted

(d) Adrenaline is secreted

33. Which one of the following hormones is directly responsible for the metabolism of the body?

(a) Insulin

(b) Parathormone

(d) Thyroxin

34. Sexual activities of both male and female are mostly controlled by:

(a) Spinal Cord

(b) Cerebellum

(d) Midbrain

35. Recent work by Geneticists has placed the number of genes in man at about:

(a) 30,000

(b) 50,000

(d) 40,000

36. The hereditary constitution of a child is fixed at:

(a) Birth

(b) Conception

(d) Adulthood

37. The behaviour of an organism is modified in the light of its past experience. Technically speaking, this modification is the process of:

(a) Learning

(b) Growth

(d) Development

38. In his “Comedy of Errors”, the great dramatist Shakespeare has successfully made use of the theme of:

(a) Fraternal and Identical Twins

(b) Environmental and hereditary Factors

(d) Language Development

39. The process by which we reach the full limits of our physical and mental development is known as:

(a) Learning

(b) Growth

(d) Development

40. Motor behaviour may be conveniently subdivided into two parts. These are:

(a) Ontogenesis and Fetal Responses

(b) Locomotion and Manipulation

(d) Cephalo-caudal and Proximo-distal Principle

41. The famous book “The Ape and the Child” which contains environmental influence upon early behaviour was written by:

(a) Gesell and Thomson

(b) Kellogg and Kellogg

(d) Zubek and Soleberg

42. The branch of Psychology which is concerned with the genesis and development of psychological processes in animals ranging from the simplest to the most complex, and in the individual from the time of conception until senescence is known as:

(a) Genetic Psychology

(b) Child Psychology

(d) Developmental Psychology

43. The remarkable study of Dr. Kellogg and his wife was designed to depict the relationship between:

(a) Environmental influence and Early Behaviour

(b) Temperament and Environmental influences

(d) Maturation and Learning

44. Which one of the following is an example of a disorder carried on a recessive gene which on its heterozygotic form of sicklemia is adaptive in such areas as those having high altitudes?

(a) Sickle-cell anemia

(b) Turner Syndrome

(d) Tripple-X Syndrome

45. The biologically based differences among individuals in reactions to stimuli, in the expressions of emotions, in arousal and in self-regulation is known as:

(a) Personality

(b) Temperament

(d) Habit

46. The changes in the genes which may produce new phenotypes are known as:

(a) Mutations

(b) Selection

(d) Evolution

47. The presence of some of the sexual characteristics or reproductive systems of both males and females in one person is known as:

(a) Hermaphroditism

(b) XXY Males

(d) Turner Syndrome

48. Sometimes individuals have an X Chromosome that appears to be pinched or narrowed in some areas. These chromosomes are so fragile that the pinched areas break and sections of the chromosome separate off. The syndrome has been associated with mild to profound retardation in males and occasionally with mild mental retardation in women. This sex chromosome abnormality is known as:

(a) Turner Syndrome

(b) Down’s Syndrome

(d) Klinefelter’s Syndrome

49. Some males are found sterile and they have feminine breasts and hips. These persons are XXY individuals i.e. it is a sex chromosome abnormality in which an extra X-chromosome is present in every cell. This type of abnormal sex chromosomal patterns in males is known as:

(a) Turner Syndrome

(b) Down’s Syndrome

(d) Klinefelter’s Syndrome

50. In 1959, it was demonstrated that Down’s sydrome is related to deviation in the:

(a) Twenty-first set of chromosomes

(b) Twenty-second set of chromosomes

(d) Twentieth set of chromosomes

51. Down’s syndrome is one of the genetic disorders which can be detected before birth through:

(a) Case Study

(b) Aminiocentesis

(d) Abortion

52. A child has two alleles of every gene in his body, one from his mother and one from his father. If the alleles from both parents differ, he is said to be:

(a) Heterozygous

(b) Homozygous

(d) A Fraternal Twin

53. Suppose a child has two alleles of every gene in his body, one from the mother and one from the father. If the alleles from both parents are the same, the child is said to be:

(a) Homozygous at that locus

(b) Heterozygous at that locus

(d) A Fraternal Twin

54. An alternate form of a specific gene at a particular locus on the chromosome is called:

(a) Ovum

(b) Allele

(d) Cell

55. The double Helix Model explains how genes replicate themselves during:

(a) Cell Division

(b) Transmission

(d) Meiosis

56. In the Double Helix Model, Watson and Crick suggest that a molecule of DNA is like a spiral staircase or a double helix or coil, with the side strips being composed of molecules of:

(a) Potassium and Salt

(b) Calcium and Potassium

(d) Sugar and Salt

57. The expression of genotype is modified by a variety of:

(a) Behaviour

(b) Temperaments

(d) Habits

58. The material inherited from ancestors which makes the individual genetically unique is called:

(a) Genotype

(b) Chromosomes

(d) Genes

59. The way genotype is expressed in observable or measurable characteristics of an individual is known as:

(a) Phenotype

(b) Transmission

(d) Range of Reaction

60. The gene is composed of deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA, which contains the genetic code that directs the functioning of:

(a) Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)

(b) Amino Acid

(d) Norepinephrine

61. Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) serves as a messenger in carrying DNA originated directions from the nucleus of a cell to it’s:

(a) Cytoplasm

(b) Cell body

(d) Peripheral Parts

62. The ability to perceive and understand a situation or incident from another person’s point of view is called:

(a) Projection

(b) Social Foresight

(d) Illusion

63. For children, selfishness reaches its peak in the:

(a) Fourth and Sixth year of age

(b) Tenth year of age

(d) Sixteenth year of age

64. Hereditary transmission begins from the moment of:

(a) Conception

(b) Birth

(d) Maturation

65. Assimilation and accommodation are:

(a) Complimentary to each other

(b) Reversible terms

(d) Equal and similar terms

66. The child shows evidence of symbolic or representational behaviour between:

(a) Three and Five Months

(b) Eight and Twenty-seven months

(d) Nine and Nineteen months

67. Which one of the following stages is called the “Period of Problem solving behaviour”?

(a) Secondary Circular Reaction

(b) Reflex

(d) Primary Circular Reaction

68. Adolescence ends when the young person is:

(a) Physically fit

(b) Psychologically fit

(d) Psychologically mature

69. The advantage of the girl over the boy in greater maturity is gradually lost after:

(a) Puberty

(b) Adolescence

(d) Twelve years

70. Growth in height is usually completed by age:

(a) Thirty

(b) Twenty

(d) Fifteen

71. By age six, the brain reaches:

(a) 90% of adult size

(b) 20% of adult size

(d) 50% of adult size

72. Prior to Mendel’s work, it was thought that heredity was transmitted from parents to offsprings by:

(a) Humour

(b) Enzyme

(d) Blood

73. The father of modern genetics is:

(a) Goldsby

(b) Deutsch

(d) Brown

74. Who told that heredity for any individual is his own native constitution?

(a) Woodworth

(b) William James

(d) Sigmund Freud

75. Mendel’s law of “independent assortment” holds independent physical entities are vehicles of:

(a) Genetic Transmission

(b) Hereditary Transmission

(d) Fertilization

76. Mendel’s first law (i.e, Law of Segregation states that:

(a) Genes occur in pairs and that one member of the pair is contributed by each parent

(b) Genes are separated from the very beginning

(d) Genes are separated at the time of conception

77. Each child inherits only:

(a) 25% of each parent’s aptitude

(b) 50% of each parental genes

(d) 100% of each parental intelligence

78. The mechanism of Reflex Action is called:

(a) Reflexology

(b) Reflex Arc

(d) Reflexon

79. Figure-Ground relationship was first established by:

(a) Gestalt Psychologists

(b) Behaviourists

(d) Structuralists

80. Meaningful Sensation is otherwise known as:

(a) Attention

(b) Emotion

(d) Perception

81. The classic example of perceiving a coil of rope in darkness, by a mother, as a snake depicts about:

(a) Illusion

(b) Hallucination

(d) Perceptual Constancy

82. Perception without sensory stimulus is called:

(a) Illusion

(b) Hallucination

(d) Perceptual constancy

83. A child who has no cones in the fovea:

(a) Is a colour blind

(b) Is not always a colour blind

(d) Is deprived of black and white vision

84. In case of children, Figure and Ground perception results from:

(a) Attention Pattern

(b) Perceptual Patterm

(d) Emotional Pattern

85. In case of infants who cannot perform on intelligence tests, their intellectual development is assessed from their day-to-day activities and how they face the challenges of the environment. This is referred as Developmental Quotient (D.Q) by:

(a) J.B. Watson

(b) Gesell

(d) Bayley

86. “Why do things look the way they do” ? This question was asked by a Gestalt Psychologist:

(a) W.G. Kohler

(b) Kurt Lewin

(d) K. Koffka

87. The most fundamental process in the form of perception is the recognition of:

(a) A figure on a ground

(b) A figure without ground

(d) The contour of a figure

88. Who has defined perceptual learning “as an increase in the ability to extract information from the environment as a result of experience or practice within the stimulation coming from it”?

(a) Goodman (1947)

(b) Murphy (1943)

(d) Eleanor Gibson (1969)

89. Ability to discriminate fine differences in visual detail or visual sharpness is otherwise known as:

(a) Photopic Vision

(b) Visual Acuity

(d) Colourless Vision

90. Visual angle varies inversely with:

(a) Acuity

(b) Brightness

(d) Length of Cones

91. Visual reaction of the dark adapted eye to very feeble light is called:

(a) Photopic Vision

(b) Scotopic Vision

(d) Colourless Vision

92. “It is not a different process; it is just attention to irrelevant stimuli that are not a part of the main assigned task.” Then what it is:

(a) Distraction

(b) Span of attention

(d) Division of attention

93. The first experiment to measure span of attention (apprehension) was designed by:

(a) Coren and Porac in 1979

(b) Watkins in 1973

(d) Coren and Girgus in 1978

94. The first person to document the existence of the sensory register and to explore its properties was:

(a) George Sperling (1960)

(b) Paulham (1887)

(d) Hersy (1936)

95. In 1976, Neisser introduced a term for “Sensory Information Store”. That term is called as:

(a) Focus

(b) Margin

(d) Prepotency

96. Who has defined “perception” as the process of maintaining contact with the world?

(a) Helmholtz

(b) Herring

(d) Gibson

97. Outline or boundary of an object is called:

(a) Contour

(b) Ground

(d) Brightness

98. A familiar study on perception which has shown that the poor children overestimated the size of coins to a greater degree than the wealthy children, was done by:

(a) Bruner and Goodman

(b) Dember

(d) Murray

99. Camouflage is the deliberate confusion of:

(a) Illusion and Hallucination

(b) Stroboscopic Motion

(d) Autokinetic Effect

100. The protective colouration of many animals is an example of:

(a) Figure and Ground

(b) Camouflage

(d) Phiphenomenon

Answers

1 (c) 2. (b) 3. (a) 4. (d) 5. (b) 6. (b) 7. (b) 8. (b) 9. (a) 10. (a) 11. (b) 12. (a) 13. (a) 14. (b) 15. (a) 16. (b) 17. (b) 18. (a) 19. (c) 20. (d) 21. (a) 22. (a) 23. (b) 24. (a) 25. (b) 26. (a) 27. (d) 28. (a) 29. (b) 30. (d) 31. (b) 32. (d) 33. (d) 34. (b) 35. (d) 36. (b) 37. (a) 38. (a) 39. (c) 40. (b) 41. (b) 42. (a) 43. (a) 44. (a) 45. (b) 46. (a) 47. (a) 48. (c) 49. (d) 50. (a) 51. (b) 52. (a) 53. (a) 54. (b) 55. (a) 56. (c) 57. (c) 58. (a) 59. (a) 60. (a) 61. (a) 62. (b) 63. (a) 64. (a) 65. (a) 66. (c) 67. (c) 68. (d) 69. (a) 70. (b) 71. (a) 72. (d) 73. (c) 74. (a) 75. (a) 76. (a) 77. (b) 78. (b) 79. (a) 80. (d) 81. (a) 82. (b) 83. (a) 84. (c) 85. (b) 86. (d) 87. (a) 88. (d) 89. (b) 90. (a) 91. (b) 92. (a) 93. (c) 94. (a) 95. (c) 96. (d) 97. (a) 98. (a) 99. (c) 100. (b)

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