Psychology Question Bank – 440 MCQs on "Motivation and Emotions" – Part 1

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440 Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) with Answers on “Motivation and Emotions” for Psychology Students – Part 1:

1. Through which defense mechanism, one transfers the blame of his own short comings, mistakes and misdeeds to others and attributes to others his own unacceptable thoughts?

(a) Rationalization

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(b) Projection

(d) Repression

(e) Regression

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2. The symbolic incorporation of an external object as part of oneself is called:

(a) Introjection

(b) Projection

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(d) Rationalization

(e) None of the above

3. According to Cameron (1969), the use of introjection as a defence in adulthood is usually a sign of:

(a) Regression

(b) Rationalization

(d) Regression

(e) None of the above

4. When the person tries to transform his own ego or self after another person’s whom he likes, it becomes a case of:

(a) Projection

(b) Introjection

(d) Rationalization

(e) Sublimation

5. In identification, the individual wants to be like the object or person while in introjection he considers the object:

(a) As a tendency

(b) As a part of family members

(d) As a part of peer group

(e) None of the above

6. The discharge of an unconscious impulse by shifting from one original object to a substitute is called:

(a) Identification

(b) Reaction Formation

(d) Displacement

(e) Introjection

7. “When the wife has a quarrel with the husband, she may shift her tantrum on the small child over a trivial matter.” This exam- plifies the defense mechanism of:

(a) Sublimation

(b) Rationalization

(d) Regression

(e) Repression

8. Who singled out a special form of isolation called “ego-splitting”?

(a) Sigmund Freud (1983)

(b) Anna Freud (1961)

(d) H. J. Eysenk (1952)

(e) None of the above

9. The mechanism by which one instinct is hidden from awareness by its opposite is called:

(a) Sublimation

(b) Reaction Formation

(d) Regression

(e) Repression

10. Reaction Formation plays a vital role in the symptom formation of:

(a) Obsessional Neurosis

(b) Schizophrenia

(d) Peptic Ulcer

(e) Hysteria

11. Development of a behaviour opposite to the unconscious desires of the id is known as:

(a) Reaction formation

(b) Regression

(d) Rationalization

(e) Identification

12. A phobia is an example of:

(a) Fantasy

(b) Regression

(d) Reaction Formation

(e) Rationalization

13. Reaction formations are irrational adjustments to:

(a) Tension

(b) Conflict

(d) Fantasy

(e) None of the above

14. “Denial of Reality” is otherwise known as:

(a) Fantasy

(b) Repression

(d) Suppression

(e) Nightmare

15. When many of the desires are frustrated, the individual develops various fantasies and tries to gratify various frustrated needs by:

(a) Imagination

(b) Sublimation

(d) Condensation

(e) Dramatization

16. Conflicts are resolved by:

(a) Mechanisms

(b) Dreams

(d) Nightmares

(e) Imagination

17. The transference of emotion from one object to another is called:

(a) Conversion

(b) Rationalization

(d) Regression

(e) Reaction Formation

18. The incorporation by the ego into itself of the outside environment or of other individuals is known as:

(a) Identification

(b) Projection

(d) Regression

(e) Repression

19. The mechanism through which a person attempts to mold his own ego or self after that of someone else or believes himself to have some other person’s personality is known as:

(a) Introjection

(b) Reaction Formation

(d) Identification

(e) Regression

20. Identifications may be made unconscious by:

(a) Regression

(b) Introjection

(d) Displacement

(e) Rationalization

21. The shifting of feelings of love or erotic cathexis from one object or person to another is called:

(a) Displacement

(b) Regression

(d) Introjection

(e) Identification

22. The mechanism of overcompensation refers to the development of behaviours which are diametrically opposed to the:

(a) Conscious Wish

(b) Unconscious Wish

(d) Different Wishes

(e) None of the above

23. In Sublimation, the unconscious conflict may be resolved by:

(a) A flight into creative work

(b) Having bizarre dreams

(d) Having daydreams

(e) None of the above

24. Psychoanalysts reveal that all forms of creative intellectual endeavour represent sublimations of the underlying:

(a) Unconscious desires

(b) Conscious desires

(d) Libido

(e) None of the above

25. The resolution of the basic urge frustrations through the substitution of a socially acceptable goal is called:

(a) Rationalization

(b) Projection

(d) Sublimation

(e) Displacement

26. By regression, we mean the reversal of the ordinarily progressive sequence of development and hence the return to more primitive forms of:

(a) Mind Structure

(b) Brain Structure

(d) Libido Structure

(e) Instinct Structure

27. Repression is the major mechanism for the solution of:

(a) Unconscious Conflict

(b) Subconscious Conflict

(d) Tensions

(e) None of the above

28. “There is a grown-up unmarried lady in late thirties. Due to some unknown reasons, she could not marry. She has developed fear for darkness once and said that she would not go to the darkroom because a particular sensual man formerly known to her might be hiding there to outrage her modesty.”

This is an example of:

(a) Displacement

(b) Reaction Formation

(d) Fixation

(e) Ritual and Undoing

29. By which defence mechanism, an individual seeks adjustment of his frustrations and conflicts through some symptoms of physical ailments?

(a) Regression

(b) Repression

(d) Reaction Formation

(e) Isolation

30. According to psychoanalysts, slip of tounge is mainly due to:

(a) Conscious Mind

(b) Unconscious Mind

(d) Defect in speech area

(e) Speech problems

31. When a school-going young girl develops her own unreal world in which she is the centre of attention, she makes use of:

(a) Nightmares

(b) Regression

(d) Repression

(e) Rationalization

32. In the class, Avinay was rebuked by his teacher. Later on he also lost his game of badminton. On returning home, he behaved rudely with his mother and refused to eat his dinner. His behaviour illustrates:

(a) Displaced Regression

(b) Ritual and Undoing

(d) Conversion

(e) Rationalization

33. Shortly after killing one enemy, a soldier experienced a paralysed right arm without there being any underlying neurophy- siological basis for it. This is an illustration of:

(a) Regression

(b) Fantasy

(d) Undoing

(e) Nightmare

34. The attempt to overcome a real or imagined short-coming is called:

(a) Compensation

(b) Conversion

(d) Repression

(e) Reaction Formation

35. Ego defenses:

(a) Alleviate painful anxiety

(b) Distort reality

(d) All of the above are true

(e) None of the above is true

36. The “Sour-grapes” attitude characterizes:

(a) Sublimation

(b) Regression

(d) Repression

(e) Reaction Formation

37. The defense mechanism, which seriously affects one’s personality is:

(a) Rationalization

(b) Repression

(d) Reaction Formation

(e) None of the above

38. Which defense mechanism plays a vital role in “Brain washing”?

(a) Identification

(b) Rationalization

(d) Introjection

(e) Regression

39. Archana was rebuked by her mother. Later on she hit her younger brother for no apparent reason. This illustrates the defense mechanism of:

(a) Regression

(b) Repression

(d) Reaction Formation

(e) None of the above

40. According to Freudian Psychanalytic theory, which one is the fundamental defence under which all others can be subsumed?

(a) Regression

(b) Repression

(d) Reaction Formation

(e) None of the above

41. The paranoid individuals generally use the defense mechanism of:

(a) Introjection

(b) Rationalization

(d) Projection

(e) Conversion

42. According to Freud, which one of the following is not a healthy defense mechanism?

(a) Identification

(b) Sublimation

(d) Repression and Identification

(e) None of the above

43. Rorschach Inkblot Test is used in the assessment of personality of an individual. It employs the defense mechanism of:

(a) Conversion

(b) Reaction Formation

(d) Regression

(e) Repression

44. A short individual who smokes large cigars and wears flashy clothes is most probably showing:

(a) Sublimation

(b) Projection

(d) Compensation

(e) Introjection

45. Reaction to stress may be:

(a) Conscious

(b) Unconscious

(d) Both conscious and unconscious

(e) None of the above

46. In the ego-involved stress, the individual is afraid of losing:

(a) Self-respect or security

(b) Personality

(d) Awareness

(e) None of the above

47. Two or more contradictory desires give rise to a:

(a) Conflict

(b) Stress

(d) Tension

(e) None of the above

48. In the Approach-Avoidance Conflict, the individual has only:

(a) Two goals before him

(b) Three goals before him

(d) Four goals before him

(e) None of the above

49. “A person has an intense desire to enter into a marriage bond with a girl because he may have sexual satisfaction, social prestige and security. At the same time, he is also afraid of the involved responsibility. He thinks that by marriage, his freedom will be lost and he will have to shoulder the responsibility of his wife and future children. Thus he wants to approach the realization of the goal but at another moment he wants to avoid it.”

What type of conflict the individual is facing with?

(a) Approach-Approach Conflict

(b) Avoidance-Avoidance Conflict

(d) Only Avoidance Conflict

(e) Only Approach Conflict

50. A person who has Avoidance-Avoidance Conflict:

(a) May keep one goal before him

(b) May keep three alternative goals before him

(d) May keep four alternative goals before him

(e) None of the above

51. In which type of conflict, the individual has two attractive goals?

(a) Approach-Avoidance conflict

(b) Double Approach-Avoidance Conflict

(d) Double Approach Conflict

(e) None of the above

52. “The individual may try to be the self his mother expects, the self his father expects, the self other people expect, the real self he thinks he is and the ideal self he thinks he should be. Conflicts among these subselves may make choices and decisions both difficult and anxiety amusing and lead to vacillation in decision and various neurotic manifestations.” Which type of conflict Coleman (1981) explains through the above example?

(a) Approach-Avoidance Conflict

(b) Approach-Approach Conflict

(d) Double Approach-Avoidance Conflict

(e) None of the above

53. The desire to marry the beloved and the fear of being disowned by the parents and society is an example of conflict between:

(a) Two negative goals

(b) Incompatible drives

(d) Three positive goals

(e) None of the above

54. When a strong drive is blocked by equally strong motives or circumstances, a sense of frustration often leading to:

(a) Tension develops

(b) Conflict develops

(d) Nightmare develops

(e) None of the above

55. Surrender is a poor method of meeting a:

(a) Drive

(b) Punishment

(d) Conflict

(e) None of the above

56. Persons who refuse to face their conflicts often resort to fantasy and daydreaming:

(a) As a substitute for decision

(b) For happiness

(d) For awareness

(e) None of the above

57. A situation in which two wishes are so incompatible that the fulfilment of the other is called:

(a) A conflict

(b) A stress

(d) A mood

(e) None of the above

58. Approach-approach conflict is a conflict between:

(a) Two positive goals

(b) Two negative goals

(d) Three negative goals

(e) One positive and one negative goal

59. The approach-avoidance conflict is often the most difficult to resolve, because:

(a) Here an individual is repelled by one goal object

(b) Here an individual is attracted by a negative goal object

(d) Here an individual is attracted by both positive and negative goal objects

(e) In this type of conflict, a person is both attracted and repelled by the same goal object

60. “The proverbial donkey is supposed to have starved to death because it stood halfway between two piles of hay and could not decide which to chose.” Which type of conflict the above example depicts?

(a) Approach-Avoidance Conflict

(b) Approach-Approach conflict

(d) Double avoidance conflict

(e) None of the above

61. The blocking of the satisfaction of an aroused need through some barrier or obstruction is called:

(a) Frustration

(b) Conflict

(d) Tension

(e) None of the above

62. Who has defined frustration as that condition which exists when a goal response suffers interference?

(a) J. B. Watson (1920)

(b) J. P. Sullivan (1973)

(d) T. E. Shanmugam (1975)

(e) None of the above

63. Maslow, Mitterman and Horney analysed frustration from a :

(a) Psychogenic angle

(b) Psychophysical angle

(d) Psychopathic Angle

(e) None of the above

64. Who has put forward a substantial classification of different types of aggressive reaction to frustration i.e. Extrapunitive, Intra- punitive and Inpunitive?

(a) Alfred Adler (1917)

(b) G.W. Allport (1930)

(d) Sigmund Freud (1938)

(e) Erich Fromm (1941)

65. When the frustrated person turns his aggressive feelings towards self, it is known as intrapunitive response popularly called:

(a) Self-aggression

(b) Temper tantrum

(d) Rage

(e) Anger

66. In which type of aggressive reaction, the sufferer simply blames himself for the frustration?

(a) Inpuntive

(b) Interpunitive

(d) Extxapunitive

(e) None of the above

67. The most dramatic form of self-aggression is:

(a) Suicide

(b) Fantasy

(d) Temper tantrum

(e) None of the above

68. In which type of aggressive reaction to frustration, the individual tries to avoid the blame altogether and attempts to switch over the problem?

(a) Interpunitive

(b) Inpunitive

(d) Extrapunitive

(e) None of the above

69. Emotional insecurity engendered by loss of love and affection may lead to:

(a) Aggression

(b) Regression

(d) Sublimation

(e) Rationalization

70. According to Freud, regression is a function of two factors and these are:

(a) Repression and Suppression

(b) Rationalization and Sublimation

(d) Fixation and Frustration

(e) None of the above

71. As children grow older, extrapunitive responses become:

(a) Less and less

(b) More and more

(d) Constant

(e) None of the above

72. Who has classified conflicts into three different types from the topological point of view such as Approach-Avoidance, Approach-Approach and Avoidance-Avoidance?

(a) Kurt Lewin

(b) Sigmund Freud

(d) Erich Fromm

(e) None of the above

73. The key element in conflict is often the frustration that arises when one must chose one alternative and give up the other. The necessity of making a choice involves:

(a) Emotional trauma

(b) Isolation

(d) Cognitive Strain

(e) None of the above

74. Which type of conflicts are sometimes referred to as “mixed-blessing” dilemmas?

(a) Approach-Approach Conflict

(b) Approach-Avoidance Conflict

(d) Double Avoidance Conflict

(e) None of the above

75. Which type of conflict is also called a divergent conflict?

(a) Approach-avoidance conflict

(b) Approach-approach conflict

(d) Double avoidance conflict

(e) None of the above

76. Convergent conflict is one in which the motives are divergent but

(a) The goal object is the same

(b) The goal objects are different

(d) The goal objects are similar

(e) None of the above

77. A child wants to kiss his mother whom he loves and at the same time hates and makes faces at her. This is called:

(a) Isolation

(b) Ambivalance

(d) Electra complex

(e) None of the above

78. Simultaneous arousal of opposing impulses desires or motives are called:

(a) Conflicts

(b) Tension

(d) Stress

(e) None of the above

79. Neorotic conflicts are encapsulated residues of conflicts from the years of childhood. Present adult problems are merely reflections or expressions of these frozen:

(a) Interpsychic conflicts

(b) Psychophysical conflicts

(d) Psychosocial conflicts

(e) None of the above

80. Alexander hypothesized that each kind if psychophysiological disorder can be associated with a particular kind of:

(a) Strain

(b) Conflict

(d) Tension

(e) Mood

81. The state of emotional tension resulting from the repeated failure or blockade in the attainment of a desired goal is called:

(a) Isolation

(b) Conflict

(d) Frustration

(e) None of the above

82. The painful tense state of an individual aroused on account of the indecisiveness in making a choice between two or more opposing or contradictory desires is called:

(a) A stress

(b) An incentive

(d) A ritual

(e) None of the above

83. A frustration is the condition of being thwarted in the satisfaction of a/an:

(a) Motive

(b) Experience

(d) Urge

(e) None of the above

84. When there is interference with our goal directed behaviour, the result is:

(a) Frustration

(b) Conflict

(d) Strain

(e) Homeostasis

85. When an individual learns to move away from the situation that causes him frustration, it is known as:

(a) Isolation

(b) Withdrawal

(d) Undoing

(e) Fixation

86. Ego-defence oriented reactions usually come into picture when we feel a threat to our:

(a) Integrity

(b) Life

(d) Behaviour

(e) None of the above

87. If a girl feels rejected and unjustly treated in comparison to her brother, she may fall victim to:

(a) A conflict

(b) Frustration

(d) Displacement

(e) None of the above

88. Any condition that strains the coping capacities of persons is known as:

(a) Strain

(b) Conflict

(d) Tension

(e) None of the above

89. Which defence mechanism is illustrated by the famous fable of a fox unable to jump high enough to catch grapes turned away saying that “Grapes are sour”?

(a) Repression

(b) Rationalization

(d) Displacement

(e) Sublimation

90. There are individuals who always say “no” whenever they are asked to join a game or picnic party. Such attitude is:

(a) Negativistic

(b) Narcissistic

(d) Sublimated

(e) Repressed

91. Pampered Self-centred children are prone to:

(a) Narcissism

(b) Sublimation

(d) Regression

(e) None of the above

92. When a person does not allow himself to think of a particular episode, it is:

(a) Regression

(b) Suppression

(d) Denial

(e) Fixation

93. When unconscious activity prevents some memory, thought or wish from entering the conscious, we say there is:

(a) Regression

(b) Repression

(d) Conversion

(e) None of the above

94. Suppression is conscious and voluntary while repression is:

(a) Dynamic

(b) Constant or static

(d) Involuntary and Unconscious

(e) None of the above

95. One’s ability to withstand stress without having integrated functioning seriously impaired is called:

(a) Homeostasis

(b) Stress tolerance or Frustration tolerance

(d) Regression

(e) Projection

96. Who has pointed out that crises are often especially stressful because the coping techniques we are used to depending on do not work?

(a) Adams (1967)

(b) J.G. Miller

(d) Lazarus (1966)

(e) None of the above

97. Which term refers to “a limited period in which an individual or group is exposed to threats or demands that are at or near the limits of their resources?

(a) Stress

(b) Crisis

(d) Fantasy

(e) None of the above

98. When our coping behaviour fails to deal effectively with the stress situation, there is a lowering of integrated functioning and eventually a breakdown of the system. This lowering of integration is referred to as:

(a) Decompensation

(b) Compensation

(d) Introjection

(e) None of the above

99. When an individual feels competent to handle a stress situation, his behaviour tends to be:

(a) Task-oriented

(b) Organism-Oriented

(d) Response-Oriented

(e) None of the above

100. When a person’s feelings of adequacy are seriously threatened by the adjustive demand, his reactions tend to be:

(a) Defense-Oriented

(b) Task-Oriented

(d) Response-Oriented

(e) None of the above

Answers

1. (a) 2. (a) 3. (d) 4. (c) 5. (c) 6. (d) 7.(c) 8. (b) 9. (b) 10. (a) 11. (a) 12. (d) 13.(c) 14.(c) 15. (a) 16. (a) 17.(c) 18.(c) 19. (d) 20.(c) 21.(c) 22. (b) 23. (a) 24. (c) 25. (d) 26.(c) 27.(c) 28. (b) 29.(c) 30. (b) 31.(c) 32. (a) 33.(c) 34. (a) 35. (d) 36.(c) 37. (b) 38. (d) 39.(c) 40. (b) 41. (d) 42.(c) 43.(0 44. (d) 45. (d) 46. (a) 47. (a) 48. (c) 49. (c) 50. (c) 51.(c) 52.(c) 53. (b) 54. (b) 55. (d) 56. (a) 57. (a) 58. (a) 59. (e) 60. (b) 61. (a) 62.(c) 63.(c) 64. (c) 65. (a) 66.(c) 67. (a) 68. (b) 69. (a) 70. (d) 71. (a) 72. (a) 73. (d) 74. (b) 75. (b) 76. (a) 77. (b) 78. (a) 79.(c) 80. (c) 81. (d) 82.(c) 83. (a) 84. (a) 85. (b) 86. (a) 87.(c) 88.(c) 89. (b) 90. (a) 91.(c) 92. (b) 93. (b) 94. (d) 95. (b) 96.(c) 97. (b) 98. (a) 99. (a) 100. (a)

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