230 Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) with Answers on “Psychological Research Methods” for Psychology Students – Part 1:
1. Statistical procedures used in describing the properties of samples or of populations where complete population data are available, are referred to as:
(a) Inferential Statistics
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(b) Descriptive Statistics
(c) Parameter
(d) Population
2. Statistical procedures used in the drawing of inferences about the properties of populations from sample data are frequently referred to as:
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(a) Inferential Statistics
(b) Population
(c) Descriptive Statistics
(d) Sample
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3. A parameter is a property descriptive of:
(a) Sample
(b) Group
(c) Crowd
(d) Population
4. A property of a sample drawn at random from a population is known as:
(a) Estimate
(b) Data
(c) Statistics
(d) Scores
5. A psychologist wants to make a statement about the mean IQ in the complete population of students in a particular university from a knowledge of the mean completed on the sample of 100 and to estimate the error involved in this statement. For this purpose, he will use procedures from:
(a) Mathematics
(b) Geometry
(c) Geography
(d) Inferential Statistics
6. The term which refers to a property whereby the members of a group or set differ one from another is called:
(a) Data
(b) Variable
(c) Score
(d) Measurement
7. The term which refers to a property whereby the members of a group do not differ from one another is called:
(a) Constant
(b) Variable
(c) Data
(d) Score
8. Sex is a:
(a) Variable
(b) Score
(c) Socio Economic Status
(d) Symbol
9. The particular values of a variable are referred to as:
(a) Score
(b) Variates or Variate Values
(c) Data
(d) Measurement
(e) None of the above
10. When we consider the height of adult males, height is the variable. But the height of any particular individual is a:
(a) Variate
(b) Data
(c) Score
(d) Scale
11. The branch which deals with collection, analysis and interpretation of data obtained by conducting a survey or an experimental study is known as:
(a) Psychology
(b) Statistics
(c) Sociology
(d) Mathematics
12. Statistical inference is concerned with derivation of Scientific inference about generalization of results from:
(a) The study of a few particular cases
(b) The study of population as a whole
(c) The study of a random group
(d) The study of the entire population of the world.
13. The branch of mathematical statistics which deals with measurement of the extent of certainty of events whose occurence depends on chance is popularly known as:
(a) Variable
(b) Probability
(c) Correlation
(d) Measures of Central Tendency
14. A fraction of a population drawn by using a suitable method so that it can be regarded representative of the entire population is known as:
(a) Variable
(b) Estimate
(c) Group
(d) Sample
15. When the number of individual members is finite, it is known as:
(a) Sample
(b) Finite population
(c) Infinite population
(d) Group
16. We study the properties of a population in terms of some:
(a) Variable
(b) Data
(c) Scores
(d) Scales
17. The numerical quantities which characterise a population arc called:
(a) Parameters
(b) Statistics
(c) Data
(d) Scores
18. All the important characteristics of a population can be specified in terms of a few:
(a) Parameters
(b) Scores
(c) Data
(d) Statistics
19. The Characteristics on which individuals differ among themselves is called a:
(a) Variable
(b) Score
(c) Data
(d) Measurement
20. Whenever the measurement of a variable is possible on a scale in some appropriate units, it is called a:
(a) Qualitative Variable
(b) Quantitative Variable
(c) Scans
(d) Data
21. Discrete variable is otherwise known as:
(a) Discontinous variable
(b) Continuous variable
(c) Qualitative variable
(d) Scores
22. Generally, measurements of a discrete variable are obtained by:
(a) Measurement
(b) Scales
(c) Counting
(d) Estimate
23. When the values of variables differ from one another by definite amounts, it is called:
(a) Discete variables
(b) Continuous variable
(c) Dependent variables
(d) Control variables
24. A variable which can theoretically assume all values within a certain interval and as such are divisible into smaller and smaller fractional units is known as:
(a) Discrete Variable
(b) Continuous Variable
(c) Qualitative variable
(d) Score
25. The variable which shows variation in objects not in terms of magnitude, but in quality or kind is popularly known as:
(a) Quantitative variable
(b) Qualitative variable
(c) Score
(d) Continuous variable
26. Which variable is unmeasurable with a scale and as such is unexpressible in magnitude?
(a) Qualitative variable
(b) Quantitative variable
(c) Continuous variable
(d) Discrete variable
27. Sex, nationality, occupation, religion, marital status are examples of:
(a) Quantitative variable
(b) Qualitative variable
(c) Discontinuous variable
(d) Continuous variable
28. The Scale, where absolute zero point is known, is popularly known as:
(a) Ordinal Scale
(b) Ratio Scale
(c) Interval Scale
(d) Nominal Scale
29. Weight, length, time and speed are some variables which can be measured on:
(a) Ratio Scale
(b) Interval Scales
(c) Nominal Scales
(d) Ordinal Scales
30. The scales where the absolute zero point is unknown are termed as:
(a) Interval scales
(b) Ratio Scales
(c) Nominal Scales
(d) Ordinal Scales
31. When the classification is done with respect to one attribute which is dichotomous in nature is known as:
(a) Simple Classification
(b) Complex Classification
(c) Monotonous Classification
(d) Real Classification
32. The related facts or observations which are grouped into classes or categories are known as:
(a) Variable
(b) Classification
(c) Fact
(d) Data
33. The process of summarizing classified data in the form of a table is known as:
(a) Tabulation
(b) Classification
(c) Variation
(d) Assimilation
34. A table which contains data on two characteristics is called a:
(a) Bivariate table
(b) Simple Table
(c) Univariate Table
(d) Complex Table
35. When the data are depicted pictorially or graphically, we call it:
(a) Graphical Presentation of the Data
(b) Mathematical Presentation of Data
(c) A picture
(d) A geometric figure
36. A set of rectangles whose arcs were in Proportion to class frequencies is known as:
(a) polygon
(b) Histogram
(c) Ogive
(d) Cumulative Frequency Curve
37. If a curve has a long tail on right side, it is called:
(a) A positively skewed curve
(b) A negatively skewed curve
(c) An Ogive
(d) A smoothed curve
38. A curve having a long tail on the left is called:
(a) An ogive
(b) A negatively skewed curve
(c) A frequency polygon
(d) A histogram
39. When the classification is made according to similarity or difference observed with respect to some characteristics or properties, it is in:
(a) Interval Scale
(b) Ordinal Scale
(c) Nominal Scale
(d) Ratio Scale
40. When the people are classified like Blue- elyed, Black-eyed, Brown-eyed etc., they are in:
(a) Ordinal Scale
(b) Interval Scale
(c) Nominal Scale
(d) Ratio Scale
41. Ranking order or Merit position are involved in:
(a) Interval Scale
(b) Ordinal Scale
(c) Interval Scale
(d) Ratio Scale
42. Rank order co-efficient of correlation can be easily calculated when the data are in:
(a) Interval Scale
(b) Ratio Scale
(c) Nominal Scale
(d) Ordinal Scale
43. Centigrade thermometers and scores on intelligence lest come under:
(a) Ordinal Scale
(b) Interval Scale
(c) Ratio Scale
(d) Nominal Scale
44. In Psychology and Education, we come across measurement data heavily dependent upon:
(a) Nominal Scale
(b) Ordinal Scale
(c) Interval Scale
(d) Ratio Scale
45. Which scale has a true zero point and constitutes the highest type of scale in terms of measurement?
(a) Nominal Scale
(b) Ordinal Scale
(c) Interval Scale
(d) Ratio Scale
46. The numerical facts such as measurement of height, weight and scores on intelligence are known as:
(a) Fact
(b) Data
(c) Scale
(d) Score
47. Grouped data or Frequency Distribution may be represented graphically through
(a) Histogram
(b) Polygon
(c) Cumulative Frequency graph
(d) All of the above
48. Which one is the simplest but most useful measure of central tendency?
(a) Median
(b) Arithmetic Mean
(c) Mode
(d) None of these
50. What is the Mean of the following ungrouped data? Scores: 3, 2; 1, 4, 5:
(a) 4
(b) 3
(c) 5
(d) 2
51. The Arithmatic Mean of the following Frequency Distribution is:
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(a) 87.00
(b) 91.00
(c) 77.00
(d) 67.00
52. The point on the score scale which 50 per cent of the scores fall is called:
(a) Mean
(b) Mode
(c) Median
(d) None of the above
53. The Median (Mdn) of the following ungrouped data is: Scores: 7, 8, 5, 0, 3, 4, 6
(a) 5.00
(b) 4.00
(c) 6.00
(d) 7.00
54. The Score which occurs most frequently is called:
(a) Mode
(b) Median
(c) Mean
(d) None of these
55. The Median of the following frequency distribution will be:
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(a) 77.00
(b) 67.00
(c) 57.00
(d) 97.00
56. The Median (Mdn) of the following ungrouped data will be: Scores: 2, 4, 6, 9, 18, 37, 49
(a) 9.00
(b) 6.00
(c) 37.00
(d) 18.00
57. The Median (Mdn) of the following ungrouped data will be: Scores: 0, 5, 9, 13, 14, 16
(a) 11.00
(b) 10.00
(c) 13.00
(d) 16.00
58. The mode of the following ungrouped data is:
2, 6, 9, 2, 5, 10, 3, 2, 1
(a) 1.00
(b) 9.00
(c) 5.00
(d) 2.00
59. The mean of a frequency distribution is 24.00 and Mdn is 28.00. What will be the mode?
(a) 84.00
(b) 72.00
(c) 48.00
(d) 36.00
60. The formula for finding out Mode from a frequency distribution is:
(a) 3Mdn — 2Mn
(b) 2Mdn —3Mn
(c) 2Mn—3Mdn
(d) 3Mn—2Mdn
61. Below are given mental age of 9 students in a class: 7, 10, 6, 8, 13, 9, 10, 11 and 6 locate the median mental age
(a) 4.00
(b) 6.00
(c) 9.00
(d) 10.00
62. The mental ages of 8 students are given below: 7, 10, 6, 8, 13, 9, 10 and 11 Find out the median mental age
(a) 6.50
(b) 7.50
(c) 8.50
(d) 9.50
63. The value in a series of observations which occurs with highest frequency is called:
(a) Mode
(b) Median
(c) Mean
(d) Standard Deviation
64. Find out the Mode of the following frequency distribution without any mathematical calculation:
Scores | f |
105-109 | 2 |
100-104 | 4 |
95-99 | 6 |
90-94 | 8 |
85-89 | 10 |
80-84 | 8 |
75-79 | 6 |
70-74 | 4 |
65-69 | 2 |
Total | N = 50 |
(a) 87.00
(b) 67.00
(c) 37.00
(d) 102.00
65. Which measure of central tendency has the greatest stability?
(a) Mode
(b) Median
(c) Mean
(d) All of these
66. Which measure of central tendency can be given an algebraic treatment and is better suited to further arithmetical computation?
(a) Mean
(b) Median
(c) Mode
(d) All of these
67. Which measure of central tendency is not appropriate when the series have extreme items?
(a) Median
(b) Mode
(c) Crude Mode
(d) Mean
68. When the exact mid-point of the distribution is desired, the best measure of central tendency is:
(a) Mean
(b) Median
(c) Mode
(d) None of these
69. What is the Mean, Median and Mode of the following distribution? Calculate without using paper and pencil.
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(a) 72.00
(b) 67.00
(c) 57.00
(d) 62.00
[N.B: Here Mean = Median Model
70. Which measure of central tendency can be calculated graphically if we have suitable graphs like frequency curve, polygon and Ogive etc.:
(a) Mode
(b) Mean
(c) Median
(d) All of these
71. Which measure of central tendency is specifically useful for the data the items of which cannot be measured quantitatively?
(a) Mode
(b) Mean
(c) Median
(d) All of these
72. Which Measure of Central Tendency can be computed by just having a look at the data?
(a) Crude Mode
(b) Median
(c) Mean
(d) None of these
73. Where a quick and approximate measure of central Tendency is desired, we, generally, compute:
(a) Mean
(b) Median
(c) Mode
(d) All of these
74. When data are grouped into a frequency distribution, the mid-point of that interval which contains the largest frequency is called:
(a) Median
(b) Mode
(c) Mean
(d) None of these
75. Which one of the following is approximately equal to the True Mode?
(a) Crude Mode
(b) Median
(c) Mean
(d) None of these
76. Which one of the following is an unstable measure of Central Tendency?
(a) Median
(b) Mean
(c) Crude Mode
(d) None of these
77. When the scores are distributed symmetrically around a central point and the distribution is not badly skewed, we generally compute:
(a) Mean
(b) Median
(c) Mode
(d) None of these
78. Curmulative percentage Frequency curve is otherwise known as:
(a) Histogram
(b) Polygon
(c) Line graph
(d) Ogive
79. The exact limit of the class interval (10-14) is:
(a) (9.50-14.50)
(b) (9-15)
(c) (10.50-14.50)
(d) (10.50-15.50)
80. The Square root of 2.00 is:
(a) 1.513
(b) 1.414
(c) 2.103
(d) 1.313
81. When the group is made up of individuals of nearly the same ability it is called:
(a) Homogeneous
(b) Heterogeneous
(c) Complex
(d) None of the above
82. The interval between the highest and the lowest score is popularly known as:
(a) Range
(b) S.D.
(c) Quartile Deviation (Q)
(d) Mean Deviation (A.D.)
83. If the highest score is 89 and the lowest score is 19, the range (R) is:
(a) 62
(b) 64
(c) 65
(d) 70
84. The one-half of scale distance between the 75th and 25th percentiles in a frequency distribution is known as:
(a) Range
(b) Standard Deviation
(c) Quartile Deviation
(d) Average Deviation
85. Q (Quartile Deviation) is calculated by the formula:
(a) Q3-Q2/2
(b) Q3-Q1/2
(c) Q,-Q2/2
(d) Q3-Q,/2
86. Q3 of a distribution is 24.00 and Q1 is 18.00 what will be Q (Quartile Deviation)?
(a) 3.00
(b) 2.00
(c) 6.00
(d) 12.00
87. Q2 is otherwise known as:
(a) Mean
(b) Mode
(c) Median
(d) Co-efficient of correlation
88. The distance between Q1 and Q3 in a distribution is otherwise known as:
(a) Median
(b) Mean
(c) Range
(d) Interquartile Range
89. The average deviation is otherwise known as:
(a) Mean
(b) Median
(c) Mean Deviation (M.D)
(d) Standard Deviation (SD)
90. The most stable index of variability is:
(a) Average Deviation
(b) Standard Deviation
(c) Range
(d) Median
91. The measure of variability which is customarily employed in experimental work and in research studies is:
(a) Standard Deviation
(b) Average Deviation
(c) Median
(d) Range
93. The AD for the following series is: Scores 2, 5, 9, 10, 15 and 19
(a) 5.85
(b) 4.67
(c) 3.87
(d) 4.87
94. The SD for the following series is: Scores 2, 5, 9, 10, 15 and 19
(a) 5.70
(b) 6.90
(c) 4.70
(d) 3.90
95. The S.D of the original scores 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 is 2.414. What will be the S.D, when a constant number i.e. 5 is added to each score?
(a) 2.441
(b) 2.414
(c) 3.414
(d) 7.414
96. When the data are too scattered to justify the computation of a more precise measure of variability, we generally use:
(a) S.D
(b) Range
(c) A.D
(d) Quartile Deviation
97. When it is desired to weight all deviations from the mean according to their size, we use:
(a) A.D
(b) S.D
(c) Quartile Deviation
(d) Range
98. The measurement of variability which we use as a unit of the scale of measurement in a normal distribution is:
(a) A.D
(b) Standard Deviation
(c) Range
(d) Quartile Deviation
99. Experiments vary along a continuum from true experiments at one end to:
(a) Correlational or Observational studies at the other end
(b) Situational studies at the other end
(c) Clinical studies at the other end
(d) Artificial studies at the other end
(e) None of the above
100. A variable that is correlated with the independent variable and thus can be responsible for the effect in question is known as:
(a) Independent Variable
(b) Dependent Variable
(c) Controlled Variable
(d) Confounded Variable
(e) None of the above
Answers
1.(b) 2. (a) 3. (d) 4. (a) 5. (d) 6. (b) 7. (a) 8. (a) 9. (b) 10. (a) 11. (c) 12. (a) 13. (b) 14. (d) 15. (b) 16. (a) 17. (a) 18. (a) 19. (a) 20. (b) 21. (a) 22. (c) 23. (a) 24. (b) 25. (b) 26. (a) 27. (b) 28. (b) 29. (a) 30. (a) 31. (a) 32. (b) 33. (a) 34. (a) 35. (a) 36. (b) 37. (a) 38. (b) 39. (c) 40. (c) 41. (b) 42. (d) 43. (c) 44. (c) 45. (d) 46. (b) 47. (e) 48. (b) 49. (b) 50. (b) 51. (c) 52. (c) 53. (a) 54. (a) 55. (a) 56. (a) 57. (a) 58. (d) 59. (d) 60. (a) 61. (c) 62. (d) 63. (a) 64. (a) 65. (c) 66. (a) 67. (d) 68. (b) 69. (a) 70. (c) 71. (c) 72. (a) 73. (c) 74. (b) 75. (a) 76. (c) 77. (a) 78. (d) 79. (a) 80. (b) 81. (a) 82. (a) 83. (d) 84. (c) 85. (b) 86. (a) 87. (c) 88. (d) 89. (c) 90. (b) 91. (a) 92. (b) 93. (b) 94. (a) 95. (b) 96. (b) 97. (a) 98. (b) 99. (a) 100. (d)