358 Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) with Answers on “Psychological Foundations of Education” for Education Students – Part 2:
101. Wechsler set one standard deviation in score prints equal to how many IQ points
(a) 5.
(b) 20.
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(c) 15.
(d) 25.
102. Girls generally do better on verbal problems and boys in spatial, numerical and mechanical tasks. This statement is
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(a) True.
(b) False.
(c) Cannot say.
(d) Partially false.
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103. People are appropriately regarded as mentally retarded if they attain IQ’s below
(a) 90.
(b) 70.
(c) 100.
(d) 120.
104. Ability includes
(a) Achievement.
(b) Aptitude,
(c) Observations.
(d) Both a and b.
105. As compared to a dull child, mental age for bright children would generally grow
(a) At the same rate.
(b) More rapidly.
(c) Less rapidly.
(d) Cant’t be said.
106. Assume that subject is given a long list of unrelated words to study and is asked to recall the words at a later time. The content of this test is
(a) Semantic.
(b) Figural.
(c) Symbolic.
(d) Behavioural.
107. The study of the characteristics of one person has been called the
(a) General approach.
(b) Idiographic approach.
(c) Nomothetic approach.
(d) Monologus approach.
108. The Army Alpha and Army Beta tests were devised during
(a) World War II.
(b) World War I.
(c) 1950-60.
(d) 1990-200.
109. The Otis-Lennon school Ability Test, the Henmon-Nelson Tests and the Cognitive Abilities Test (CAT) are all
(a) Individual test,
(b) Group test,
(c) Adjustment test,
(d) Personality test.
110. The original Guilford’s structure of intellect model suggests
(a) The general intelligence factor ‘g’.
(b) 7 primary abilities.
(c) 120 unidentifiable abilities.
(d) Lumping together of items to form tests.
111. By giving tests in two different but equivalent forms, one can ascertain the
(a) Reliability.
(b) Validity,
(c) Utility.
(d) Norms.
112. The tests where use of written words is involved are called
(a) Word tests.
(b) Written tests,
(c) Verbal tests.
(d) Language tests.
113. Terman of Stanford University brought out a revision of Binet’s test in
(a) 1960.
(b) 1816.
(c) 1915.
(d) 1916.
114. In an intelligence test a 10 year old child was found to have mental age of 12 years. His IQ is
(a) 100.
(b) 120.
(c) 105.
(d) 95.
115. Which of the following statements is true?
(a) A test can be valid without being reliable
(b) A test can be reliable without being valid
(c) If a test measures what it is intended to measure then by definition it is reliable
(d) If a test gives consistent scores when administered repeatedly then it is valid.
116. Mirror Drawing Apparatus is related to
(a) Conditioning.
(b) Trial and error.
(c) Span of memory.
(d) Forgetting.
117. On which animal Pavlov conducted his experiment?
(a) Rat
(b) Cat
(c) Dog
(d) Bird.
118. Who said ‘we are born capable of learning’?
(a) Jean-Jacques Rousseau
(b) Jean Piaget
(c) Noam Chomsky
(d) Ivan P. Pavlov.
119. Skinner’s best known apparatus is the teaching machine, invented by
(a) Sidney Pressey.
(b) Watson.
(c) Thorndike.
(d) James.
120. Operant conditioning is associated with
(a) Piaget.
(b) Pavlov.
(c) Kohler.
(d) Skinner.
121. Food in classical conditioning is called
(a) Unconditioned response.
(b) Conditioned response.
(c) Unconditioned Stimulus.
(d) Conditioned Stimulus.
122. What is the ‘Bell’ in Pavlov’s classical conditioning?
(a) UCS
(b) UCR
(c) US
(d) CR
123. Which operant technique weakens behaviour ?
(a) Positive and negative punishment
(b) Positive and negative reward
(c) Positive and negative incentive
(d) None of these.
124. A…… is a brief involuntary reaction to some stimulus, typically a specific part of the body,
(a) Response
(b) Reflex
(c) Reflection
(d) None of these.
125. A pigeon is trained to peck at green light. Now it pecks at all lighted spots. It is a case of
(a) Stimulus generalization.
(b) Response generalization.
(c) Generalization gradient.
(d) Discrimination.
126. In social learning theory, an instance in which the correct response appears on the first trial is called
(a) No trial learning.
(b) Simple trial learning.
(c) One trial learning.
(d) No learning.
127. Operant conditioning is also called
(a) Instrumental conditioning.
(b) Avoidance conditioning.
(c) Classical conditioning.
(d) Simple conditioning.
128. The structure of the brain which is involved in balance and coordination, and plays a key role in the formation of simple form of classically conditioned responses is
(a) Cerebellum.
(b) Thalamus,
(c) Hypothalamus,
(d) Limbic system.
129. Name the process in which a conditioned stimulus gradually ceases to elicit a conditioned stimulus?
(a) Extinction
(b) Discrimination
(c) Classical conditioning
(d) Escape Conditioning.
130. When a behaviour occurs consistently in the presence of a discriminative stimulus, it is said to be under
(a) Stimulus control.
(b) Extinction.
(c) Delayed process.
(d) Classical conditioning process.
131. The acquisition of new forms of behaviour, information or concepts through exposure to others and the consequences they experience is called
(a) Slow learning.
(b) Conditioning learning.
(c) Operant learning.
(d) Observational learning.
132. The term classical means
(a) In the established manner.
(b) Planned manner.
(c) Well planned.
(d) Without planning.
133. In Pavlov’s experiments as the experiment progressed, the sight of the bowl, the sight of the experimenter and eventually even the sound of experimenter’s footsteps produced salivation, Pavlov called these learned reactions as
(a) Natural reactions.
(b) Psychic secretions.
(c) Neutral reactions.
(d) Unnatural reactions.
134. The classical conditioning has been described as
(a) Stimulus substitution.
(b) Unlearned behaviour.
(c) Neutral.
(d) Response behaviour.
135. The translation of Russian word ouslovny means
(a) Conditioned.
(b) Classical,
(c) Unconditioned,
(d) Operant.
136. Which operant techniques strengthen behaviour ?
(a) Positive and negative reinforcement
(b) Positive and negative punishment
(c) Reward and incentive
(d) None of these.
137. Habit interference is also known as
(a) Positive transfer.
(b) Negative transfer.
(c) Bilateral training.
(d) None of these.
138. Positive transfer greatly depends upon the presence of identical elements between the original and subsequent
(a) Learning.
(b) Attention,
(c) Process.
(d) Perception.
139. Bilateral transfer is also called
(a) Training programme.
(b) Positive transfer.
(c) Negative transfer.
(d) Cross education.
140. When a desired response is reinforced every time it occurs we call it reinforcement.
(a) Continuous
(b) Partial
(c) Intermittent
(d) None of these.
141. Law of exercise was introduced by
(a) Thorndike.
(b) Kohler.
(c) Hull.
(d) Atkinson.
142. Insight learning is basically learning by
(a) Cognition.
(b) Trial and error,
(c) Conditions.
(d) Imitation.
143. Salivation to the bell in the classical conditioning is called
(a) CS.
(b) UCR
(c) CR.
(d) UCS.
144. Who was the first person to conduct experiment on classical conditioning?
(a) Kohler
(b) Thorndike
(c) Hull
(d) Pavlov.
145. Out of the following methods which one is not used in studying verbal learning?
(a) Paired associate learning
(b) Serial learning
(c) Free recall
(d) Free association.
146. Thorndike is remembered for his contribution to
(a) Trial and error.
(b) Methods of learning.
(c) Insight theory.
(d) Conditioning.
147. Spontaneous recovery will grow weaker and weaker if no reinforcement is provided after
(a) CS.
(b) US.
(c) CR.
(d) None of these.
148. Negative conditioning is also known as
(a) Forward conditioning.
(b) Backward conditioning.
(c) Escape learning.
(d) Reconditioning.
149. The concept of experimental neuroses which threw light on various aspects of abnormal behaviour has been studied in depth by
(a) Pavlov.
(b) Watson,
(c) Hull.
(d) Guthrie.
150. Operant conditioning is usually studied in the laboratory using
(a) Cage.
(b) Sticks,
(c) Skinner box.
(d) Maze.
151. Pavlov was the founder of the most important type of learning called
(a) Classical conditioning.
(b) Instrumental learning.
(c) Insight learning.
(d) Programme learning.
152. The concept of programme learning was introduced by
(a) Skinner.
(b) Watson,
(c) Hull.
(d) Thorndike.
153. When the experimentally extinguished response reappears again after a period it is called
(a) Experimental neuroses.
(b) Spontaneous recovery.
(c) Extinction.
(d) Forgetting.
154. An organism tends to repeat those behaviours that bring about satisfaction and it tends to discard those that bring about dissatisfaction. This is related to
(a) The law of similarity of Skinner.
(b) Thorndike’s law of effect.
(c) The law of proximity of Hull.
(d) None of these.
155. Operant conditioning is also known as
(a) Instrumental conditioning.
(b) Classical condition.
(c) Operative conditioning.
(d) Condition after thought.
156. Pavlov was a
(a) Physiologist.
(b) Psychologist,
(c) Neurologist.
(d) Zoologist.
157. Zero transfer is also known as
(a) Positive transfer.
(b) Negative transfer.
(c) Neutral transfer.
(d) None of these.
158. The S-O-R concept was developed by
(a) Tolman.
(b) Gestalt.
(c) Woodworth.
(d) Pavlov.
159. In Pavlov’s experiment, the UCS was and UCR.
(a) Bell; salivation.
(b) Meat powder; salivation.
(c) Salivation; bell.
(d) Meat powder; bell.
160. Which psychologist performed a series of experiments with Chimpanzees?
(a) Kohler
(b) Koffka
(c) Wertheimer
(d) Thorndike.
161. Who coined the concept of higher order conditioning?
(a) Pavlov
(b) Thorndike
(c) Watson
(d) Hull.
162. According to which principle a more preferred activity can be used to reinforce a less preferred activity?
(a) Premack principle
(b) Law of effect principle
(c) Pinprick principle
(d) Recency principle.
163. In operant conditioning the experimental animal is placed in a
(a) Skinner box.
(b) Pavlov’s lab.
(c) Skinner room.
(d) None of these.
164. The rate of response in operant conditioning is usually portrayed by a…
(a) Cumulative curve.
(b) Poly curve.
(c) Serial learning curve.
(d) None of these.
165. Tolman called his theoretical views as
(a) S.R. Theory.
(b) Purposive.
(c) Behaviourism.
(d) Radical behaviourism.
166. Who proposed that the optimum level of arousal depends on the level of task difficulty?
(a) Dollard
(b) Yerkes and Dodson
(c) Miller
(d) None of these.
167. The expectancy theory is related to concept.
(a) Motivation
(b) Emotion
(c) Learning
(d) Memory
168. According to Maslow physiological, safety and social needs are
(a) Proficiency needs.
(b) Deficiency needs.
(c) Efficiency needs.
(d) Basic needs.
169. At the base of hierarchy of needs, Maslow describes
(a) Physiological needs.
(b) Safe needs.
(c) Social needs.
(d) Growth needs.
170. Which part of the brain is related to hunger?
(a) Hypothalamus
(b) Thalamus
(c) Amygdale
(d) Cortex.
171. Who propounded the theory of instincts?
(a) Allport
(b) McDougall
(c) Skinner
(d) Watson.
172. Which part of the hypothalamus is responsible for activation and sustains eating in animals?
(a) Lateral hypothalamus
(b) Ventromedial hypothalamus
(c) Both
(d) None of these.
173. What is the function of lateral hypothalamus?
(a) Activates sustain eating
(b) Over eating
(c) Stop eating
(d) Obesity.
174. Hawthrone effect is related to
(a) Emotion.
(b) Motivation,
(c) Habit.
(d) Learning.
175. The famous test to measure achievement motivation is
(a) TAT
(b) CAT
(c) Work test
(d) None of these.
176. Electrical stimulation of certain areas of the produces aggressive behaviour.
(a) Limbic system
(b) Thalamus
(c) Hypothalmus
(d) Medulla
177. According to Maslow, the deficiency need is related to
(a) Interest.
(b) Affiliation,
(c) Security.
(d) Habit.
178….. can be defined as “all internal processes that influences the direction, persistence and vigour of goal directed behaviour”,
(a) Motivation
(b) Reinforcement
(c) Drive
(d) Need
179. Maslow refers to physiological needs as
(a) Deficiency needs.
(b) Growth needs.
(c) Primary needs.
(d) Secondary needs.
180. Maslow refers to self actualization needs as….
(a) Growth needs.
(b) Deficiency needs.
(c) Basic needs.
(d) Survival needs.
181. “Push theories” of motivation refers to of motivation.
(a) Needs theories
(b) Motive theories
(c) Drive theories
(d) Incentive theories
182. Which of the following is not a social motive?
(a) Need for approval
(b) Need for achievement
(c) Need for affiliation
(d) Need for safety.
183….. is a positive social phenomena.
(a) Laughter
(b) Anger
(c) Anxiety
(d) All of these.
184. By the age of 2 years all emotions develop. This is described by
(a) Bridges.
(b) Watson,
(c) Thompson.
(d) Thorndike.
185. James Lange theory is related to
(a) Emotion.
(b) Motivation,
(c) Learning
(d) Personality.
186. Which of the following is not related to emotional behaviour?
(a) Mid brain
(b) Thalamus
(c) Hypothalamus
(d) Reticular formation.
187. When anger is expressed outwardly in the form of aggressive activity there is increase in the secretion of…
(a) Adrenal gland.
(b) Thyroid gland,
(c) Gonads.
(d) Pancreas.
188. Emotion is expressed through
(a) Language.
(b) Gesture.
(c) Facial expression.
(d) All of these.
189. In the development of emotion plays a major role.
(a) Learning
(b) Maturation
(c) Insight
(d) Intelligence
190. Sympathetic activation causes
(a) An increase in the heart rate.
(b) Decrease in the heart rate.
(c) Decrease in the pulse rate.
(d) Decrease in sweating.
191. Motive is a
(a) Desire.
(b) Impulse,
(c) Trait.
(d) Behaviour.
192. The motive to keep contact with others is called
(a) Dependency.
(b) Self assertiveness.
(c) Mastery.
(d) Gregariousness.
193. The physiological theory of motivation has been advanced by
(a) Morgan.
(b) Hilgard.
(c) Young.
(d) Murray.
194. Gregariousness is related to
(a) Social conditioning.
(b) Inherited traits.
(c) Biological factors.
(d) None of these.
195. Social motives are called
(a) Primary
(b) Secondary
(c) Essential
(d) None of these.
196. Hunger, Thirst, Sex are known as
(a) Secondary needs.
(b) Basic needs.
(c) Psychological needs.
(d) None of these.
197. Motive to keep contact with others is called
(a) Dependency.
(b) Self assertiveness.
(c) Mastery.
(d) Gregariousness.
198. Self actualization theory of motivation is
(a) Hierarchical.
(b) Psychoanalytic,
(c) Physiological.
(d) Psychological.
199. Curiosity is a drive.
(a) Psychological
(b) Organic
(c) Personal
(d) Social
200. The motivational theory of emotion was developed by
(a) Leeper.
(b) Garde,
(c) Hull.
(d) Atkinson.
Answers
101. (c) 102. (a) 103. (b) 104. (d) 105. (b) 106. (a) 107. (b) 108. (b) 109. (b) 110. (c) 111. (a) 112. (c) 113. (d) 114. (c) 115. (b) 116. (b) 117.(c) 118. (a) 119. (a) 120. (d) 121. (c) 122. (c) 123. (a) 124. (b) 125. (a) 126. (a) 127. (a) 128. (a) 129. (a) 130. (a) 131. (d) 132. (a) 133. (b) 134. (a) 135. (a) 136. (a) 137. (b) 138. (a) 139. (d) 140. (a) 141. (a) 142. (a) 143. (c) 144. (d) 145. (d) 146. (a) 147. (a) 148. (b) 149. (a) 150. (c) 151. (a) 152. (a) 153. (b) 154. (b) 155. (a) 156. (a) 157. (c) 158. (a) 159. (b) 160. (a) 161. (a) 162. (a) 163. (a) 164. (a) 165. (b) 166. (b) 167. (a) 168. (b) 169. (a) 170. (a) 171. (b) 172. (a) 173. (a) 174. (b) 175. (a) 176. (a) 177. (c) 178. (a) 179. (a) 180. (a) 181. (c) 182. (d) 183. (a) 184. (a) 185. (a) 186. (a) 187. (a) 188. (d) 189. (b) 190. (a) 191. (a) 192. (d) 193. (a) 194. (a) 195. (b) 196. (b) 197. (d) 198. (a) 199. (a) 200. (a)