Different Factors on the Basis of Which Tourism is Classified and Presented in Various Types are given below:
Important Types of Tourism
1. Domestic Tourism:
It is also known as internal as well as national tourism. However, in ancient India, it as known as ‘Deshatan‘. As in earlier period of human civilisation the people were free to move any place without prior information, restrictions and other formalities.
Obviously, the modes of travel were different as compared to todays. Generally, Domestic tourism means the movement of people outside their normal domicile to other areas within the boundaries of the nation.
Image Source: deshatan.files.wordpress.com
ADVERTISEMENTS:
In fact, they find it easy to do so because there was neither currency nor language or document problems. Domestic Tourism does not involve any balance of payment implications; however it may be a substitute for international tourism and therefore results in saving of foreign currency.
Thus, a domestic tourist may be defined as a person who travels within the boundaries of his/her country to a destination other than his/her usual residence and stays at commercial accommodations, with relatives, friends, and uses sightseeing or enjoyment facilities for a duration of not less than 24 hours or one night and not more than 6 months at a time, and the purpose lies within pilgrimage, pleasure, business, health and study etc.
2. International Tourism:
Today, tourism has been recognised as an industry worldwide. Every nation irrespective of its size and structure is inclined to develop international tourism. As it have multifarious advantages to the national economy in terms of foreign exchange earnings, balance of payments international understanding and intra-regional and inter-regional development.
International Tourism involves the movement of people among different countries in the world. In other words, when people travel to a nation other than their own country in which they normally live and which has its separate identity in terms of political, economic and social set up.
ADVERTISEMENTS:
International movement of people requires various types of legal and financial formalities to be met before departing from his/her country. In international tourism, the country of origin (tourist generating country) and the country of destination (tourist receiving or the host country) are different.
Practically, international tourism has two types i.e. ‘Inbound’ tourism and ‘Outbound’ tourism. Inbound Tourism means when the foreign tourists are received by a country. This type of tourism has direct impact on the economy of host country, in terms of employment generation, foreign exchange earnings, balance of payments, destination development and infrastructure development.
‘Outbound’ tourism may be defined as when the people of a country visit the other countries for various purposes such as, leisure, business, education, pilgrimage, political conferences and conventions etc. In fact, inbound international tourism brings travel receipts while outbound tourism implies travel cost.
3. Intra-Regional and Inter-Regional Tourism:
Practically, international tourism is known as intra-regional tourism, because the tourist traffic flows to and from countries within the same region of the globe, forms an important component of international tourism.
ADVERTISEMENTS:
It is relatively more significant in developed regions (Europe, America) as compared to developing region (Africa, South Asia). However, the significance of intra-regional tourism is likely to vary between different regions and from one country to another.
Both inter-regional and intra-regional tourism increases the seasonality of regions and the development process within the regions. It has direct impact on the development of social, political and economic environment in the less developed regions.
Furthermore, inter-regional tourism concentrates on integrated development and equitable distribution of income.
Domestic and International Tourism – the two aspects of tourism coined on geographical and other bases like citizenship, travel documents and currency involved – certainly have much in common and so may be considered essentially the same activity having the same sphere.
But, in depth, there is something more important that distinguishes Domestic tourism from International Tourism. The difference is reflected in the magnitude and intensity of the impact on the economy, the socio-cultural values, and the environmental equations in the country of destination.
4. Mass Tourism:
Mass tourism is the product of 20th century for developing countries. The concept of mass Tourism emerged with the introduction of paid holidays, development of transportation, communication and information technology.
Mass tourism is primarily a quantitative notion and refers to participation of very large numbers of people in tourism activities. It is an agent of profound economic and cultural changes.
And, economies of tourism industry have played an important part in the emergence of Mass Tourism. Technically, growth of mass tourism has been facilitated by travel revolution and by the growth of international understanding and relations among nations.
However, mass tourism adversely affects the image of the tourist destination, as in some cases, carrying capacity of the destination may ill-afford mass tourism.