In Marx’s metaphysical background there is dialectical materialism. In it, three laws deserve mention:-
(1) law of mutual inclusion of opposites. (2) Law of change in result of quality or quality of result. (3) Law of negation.
(1) Law of mutual inclusion of opposites:
According to this law, the existence of all objects is inclusive in each other. None exists separately. In the same way, even in the different states of the same thing the preceding states are assimilated in the succeeding states.
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Thus objects and their states are both inseparable from each other. In ethics, the result of this law is that the welfare of any person is not separated from other people. Social welfare and individual welfare have no distinctions.
In the same way, all activities of man admit of reciprocal relations. According to Marxism, the economics or wealth producing activities predominate in us. Thus, economic activities and social welfare are intimately related.
(2) Law of change in quality of quantity or quantity of quality:
It is only quantity from quantity and quality from quality but new qualities are also created from quantity. Consciousness is created out of matter although matter completely lacks consciousness.
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Man is not mere conglomeration of hands, legs, etc. In him is consciousness, completely differing in nature from the body. Like the Carapaces, Marx treats consciousness as new quality and not the result of the combination of parts of the body.
Thus, his ethics is not only materialism. The evolution of both body and consciousness is necessary because the two are separate.
(3) Law of negation of negation:
In the progress of dialectical evolution every new step produces qualities differing from the preceding steps. Thus, these two are called thesis and antithesis. Their conflict is settled in another step called two are field of ethics, this law creates relativism.
Moral laws are the eternal; their evolution, also, is in accordance with this dialectical justice the following moral norms negate the preceding moral dialectical the internal conflict. Thus Marxist ethics is the synthesis thoughts, medieval moral approaches.