For long the tribals lived in isolation where they had many problems such as of illiteracy, backwardness and subsistence economy, exploitation and victimization. But, as a result of the implementation of protective and developmental safeguards, they encounter some new problems. These are as under:
(1) Participation in a democratic, secular, socialistic society has affected their village unity and encouraged factionalism on party ideology.
(2) Directed change has created unrest. There is demand for political autonomy.
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(3) The new economic policy has created a new market system. Money economy has come about and capitalism has encroached into tribal agriculture leading to land scarcity.
(4) The cultural changes which have crept into tribal society have given new dimensions to tribal culture. Education, modernization, transport and communication have brought about an identity crisis.
(5) As a result of social change and the consequent cultural change, the whole tribal stratification has undergone radical change. The society now has class formation and ethnic divisions.
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