The human rights and UN both are very much related and concerned to each other. The constituent assembly entrusted with the responsibilities of drafting the constitution was engaged in the stupendous task of developing the basic and vital document at time when the Universal Declaration of Human Rights was adopted by UN in 1948.
All these universal declaration of human rights was adopted and declared by United Nations. All these human rights incorporated as “fundamental rights” in the constitution. “Rights to Equality before law (Article 14), Right to freedom from discrimination (Article 18), Right to freedom of speech and expression (Article 19), Right to assemble peacefully (Article 21), Prohibition of Employment of Children in Hazardous Occupation (Article 24), Right to constitutional Remedy (Article 32), all these are the main fundamental rights as given in our constitution.
Both human rights and fundamental rights are same things. These encompass the civil and political rights including judicial interference right. Human rights (Fundamental rights) and Directive Principles of state policy are important part of Indian Constitution.
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These Directive Principles are the direction given by state to government and the government took action to realize the objectives and improving the standard of living and quality of life. It promotes and protects the rights of most vulnerable section of society.
The constitutional provision the centre and state government have enacted many law and regulations to preserve and safeguard the human rights. For e.g. Code of Criminal Procedure, Indian Penal Code, Evidence Act are the judicial interference for ensuring human rights to all the citizens.
The government of India has been continuously reviewing the statutes regarding the rights of individual like to make protection of rights of scheduled caste and scheduled tribes (SC and ST). The government has various national institution for protection of rights of most weaker section of society.
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The national commission of SCs and STs, National commission for women and National commission of minorities. All these national commissions were developed to make protection of their rights which help in their social, economic and political development. They become more aware and enjoy equal rights. It also made much contribution to the law and order system of country for protection of freedom for all the citizens.
There is great importance of human rights and national commission of human rights established to deals with the questions of human rights in different part of the country. It would also concern with the areas of activities which are within the jurisdiction of state government.
The human rights are merely stressed on the need for educating people about their ethics, values, human rights and duties. The most important is to see that there should no violation of human rights. India is proud to have independent and vigilant press which always acted as watch dog for protection of human rights particularly in omission and commission of government functionaries.
Independent judiciary and Supreme Court work for protecting the rights of citizen and to punish the culprits. As Supreme Court can start the judicial process to provide remedial measures and “Public Interest Litigation for initiating the proceeding for redressed. So, our judiciary has constitutional mandate to be custodian of our rights.
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The former President Dr. Shanker Dayal Sharma in Seminar on Human Rights stressed on the need for educating people about human rights. It creates an environment in which human rights violation can be minimized. The United Nation Organization declaration, 10 Dec. is being observed as-“Human Rights Day” in most of educational institution for bringing about awareness about human rights.
National convention and conference are held every year to bring about adequate awareness as regards human rights. According to Grossin (1973), “the education continues to resist the pressure of democratization and remain loyal to the nation of forming elite.” Democratization of education means equality of educational opportunity and implies standardization of educational facilities.
It is national commitment to the largest segment of the country, full mobilization of manpower to support and commitment of resources it is basically a determination that educational requirement promote the balance between the social needs and political aspiration.
This democratization of education including national majority of national resource. UNESCO has rendered a great service by developing the concept of equality of educational opportunity and making numerous efforts through various means and media in order to rouse sensitivity in responsible educational circles concerning the problems of democratization.
The Acharya Narendra Dev Committee in 1938, Mudaliar Commission in 1952 and Kothari Commission in 1966 have suggested large number of measures for democratizing education at various levels. But India has long way in the direction of “Democratization of Education”.
To achieve the implementation of Human rights by giving high priorities to establishment of educational system which provide educational opportunity and employment policies which tries to equalize economic opportunities as well? Educational opportunity make by “free education at primary and secondary stage, Maintenance of low fees in higher education and expansion of facilities at all state reservation of seats for scheduled castes and tribes student and make effective tool for equalization of educational opportunities and this is basic tenet in democratic education. Democratic trends are also evident in administration of primary schools.
Endeavors have been made in introducing new methods and innovation in educational practices. The government has increasing sharing the burden of educational expenditures and implementation of educational schemes of national importance for equalizing opportunity. They are all indication of democratization of education at national and state level for protecting human rights.
Equality of Educational opportunity is prerequisite for socialistic society. Inequality of educational opportunities is rampant in Indian society. The large section of population and increasing poverty is main cause of inequality of educational opportunity. The Kothari Commission for Educational opportunity remarked “Democracy as well as social justice for the furtherance of democratic and equalize educational opportunities between the groups.”
At last we can say that, human rights has great importance and it is guarantee of demonstrating our commitment to human dignity, promotion of an adequate standard of life to everyone and make promotion of world peace and prosperity for all.
It gave fundamental freedom and human rights to each and every individual irrespective of discrimination on bases on sex, religion, caste etc. Both men and women have equal rights. There is guarantees gender equality and women empowerment to enable women to contribute equality to peace and prosperity and it based on the principle of ” Vaisudhaiva Kutumhakam” (the whole world is family).
It makes contribute to achievement of UN Decade for Human rights education. United Nations has played a great role to provided the best chance to mankind to uphold Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The main aim of Human rights is to achieve human dignity and all humanity become human rights literate and they become more aware about their rights as well as duties.
This power of knowledge and desire of social justice will effect change and celebrate human dignity, accepting humanity of others. The achievement of human dignity, social justice helps in making better tomorrow. The human rights education is basically most important for development of humanitarian law, democracy, and rule of law, peace, development and social justice.
The human rights were come into existence by various Legal doctrines and institution. Traditional International played an important role in the evolution of Human rights as it played governing relation between nation and state. The Geneva Convention (1864) and Protocols also has role in it.
As this convention is for “Amelioration of condition of wounded and sick member of Armed forces” and it makes protection of rights of civilian person in time of war. International Committee of Red Cross (ICRC) played a great role in promoting development, teaching humanitarian law and protection of rights of those held in slavery.
League of Nation is one of the international organizations which make protection of rights like minority rights, worker’s rights. ILO (International Labour Organisation) is positive benefit of League of Nation. It makes protection the rights of worker, improving the condition of worker like paying equal pay for equal work, healthy working environment, proper wages and incentives and help in their social economic development.
The UN played an important role in evolution of human rights. It instrument like UNESCO, ILO, NGOs played a significant role. The greatest innovation in the international human rights system is the participation of NGOs and this bring hopeful development. These NGOs at World Conference on Human Rights in Vienna in 1993 reassessed a commitment to the goals embodied in International Bill of Rights.
The most significant was the development of thousand of new NGOs from developing world. These NGOs represented Human rights advocates all throughout the world, working on the front line of struggle for human dignity. They are future of the human rights movement. All these International league of human rights provides technical assistance to monitoring the human rights abuses. This is hopeful development for human rights dignity in our post-cost war international system.
There is evolution of human rights for protecting human dignity and social justice. But as Dr. Sharma aptly observed “We have some miles to go for achieving our objectives of society in which human rights of every citizen are protected and cherished.”