Dyslexia was identified for the first time by Oswald Berkhan in 1881 but the term was coined by Rudolf Berlin in 1887. Dyslexia is defined as a learning disability that impairs a person’s fluency or comprehension accuracy in being able to read.
Dyslexia comes along with other difficulties too, such as phonological decoding, phonological awareness, orthographic coding, and auditory short term memory. There are no accurate studs as to how many people are affected with the disease but it is said that as many as 5- 10% of the people all around the world are affected with the disease.
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Dyslexia is of three kinds:
1. Auditory Dyslexia,
2. Visual Dyslexia and
3. Attentional Dyslexia.
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Dyslexia, also known as a receptive language based disability includes symptoms such as delays in speech, mirror writing in early ages and symptoms such as a difficulty in blending sounds into making words, difficulty in counting syllables in words, difficulty with naming words, poor spelling, and a habit of omitting and adding words or letters while writing and reading at the later ages.
A dyslexic individual also have difficulty in memorizing, reading aloud, summarising a story and learning a foreign language. Most of the people are of the opinion that all the dyslexic readers move letters around when they are reading and always write backwards. But this is not true in all the cases.
Only a few dyslexic readers possess this habit. An individual whose handwriting does not match with his or her level of intelligence is generally a dyslexic. The sad part is that there are no medical cures for dyslexia but with proper efforts a dyslexic individual can learn to read and write just like any other normal human being.
One of the easiest tools to help the dyslexic individual is to make him or her free from all the tensions and anxieties. As a matter of fact, the individual should be treated as being normal by his or her parents and family members. If the dyslexia affected individual is being reminded of his or her disability frequently, then gaining their confidence to fight the disease will become near to impossible.
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When the dyslexic individual is treated normally, half the problem is automatically solved. The child should be made aware of the correspondences between graphemes and phonemes thus relating these to reading and spelling. Results show that if the training for the individual is focussed towards orthographic issues and visual language, phenomenal results can be attained.
Modern neuro-imaging techniques positron emission tomography (PET) has displayed thorough evidences showing that dyslexic individuals have structural differences in their brains as compared to normal human beings. Some of the famous personalities having this dyslexic disorder are Walt Disney, Steven Spielberg, Tom Cruise and Abhishek Bachchan. It is essential for the family members of these dyslexic individuals to treat them with love, patience and care so that they feel that they are as normal as any other human being.