There are certain geographical factors which have led to the development of irrigation in northern India. They are:
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(i) The rivers rising in the Himalayas are perennial, which give them constant supply of water.
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(ii) The slope of the plains is so gradual that the canals which are taken out in the upper courses of the rivers can easily irrigate the land in the lower valley.
(iii) There is absence of the rocky ground in the northern plains and this enables the easy cutting of the canals.
(iv) The soil is fertile which makes the greatest use of irrigation, and
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(v) The clay in the sub-soil is deep which acts as reservoir for the rain water which sinks through the porous alluvium of the plains and which is later tapped by wells.
