Insecticides are available in different formulations after an insecticide has been commercially manufactured, formulators are added in various additives and prepare the insecticides in various forms such as dusts, granules, emulsifiable concentrates and solution etc.
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3 types of formulations —
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1. Solid
2. Liquid
3. Gaseous.
1. Solid Formulations:
(a) Dusts:
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i. Insecticides mixed with dust carriers called dusts.
ii. Toxicity of an insecticide increase as the particle size decrease.
iii. It should be applied in the morning hrs on wet foliage.
(b) Granules:
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i. Dusts having 0.25 – 2.4 mm particle size.
ii. Used as dressing on or in the soil.
(c) Insecticide – fertilizer Mixture:
i. Granular insecticides added to fertilizers.
ii. Applied as regular fertilization time to provide nutrition to plants as well as to control the soil insects.
2. Liquid Formulations:
(a) Solutions:
i. Pesticide is in a single liquid phase either in water or in an oil.
ii. Most organic insecticides are insoluble in water and need on organic solvent to dissolve.
(b) Emulsifiable Concentrates (EC):
i. Commercially sold as EC to which a certain amount of water is added to make aqueous suspension suitable for spraying on plants.
ii. Clean solution and yields an emulsion when diluted witscreen. (e.g.) Alkaline Soaps, Organic amines, etc.
(c) Suspension:
Active material is suspended as solid particles.
(d) Foam Spray:
Chemical additive which when sprayed then special foam rozzles converses the pesticide.
3. Gaseous Formulations:
Fumigants:
i. Compound volatile at ordinary temperature and sufficiently toxic.
ii. Advantage of using fumigant, places not easily accessible to other chemicals can easily be reacted due to the penetration and dispersal effect of the gas.
iii. Used to control Pests in storage bins, buildings, and soil insects, nematodes.